Table 2 RHC and echocardiography parameters of 4 groups according to TR severity

RHC parameters

 sPAP_RHC(mm Hg)

71.0 ± 22.2

78 (64.5, 92.5)^*

86.8 ± 24.9^*

83.8 ± 23.0^*

0.004

 mPAP_RHC(mm Hg)

37 (30.8, 48.3)

44 (35.5,53)^*

49.0 ± 15.2^*

48.8 ± 13.1^*

0.014

 PAWP(mm Hg)

7.5 ± 3.7

6 (4,10)

5.7 ± 4.4

8.8 ± 3.7

0.065

 PVR(WU)

8.9 (5.3, 11.9)

10.7 (7.4,14.2)^*

15.5 ± 7.9^*♦

13.5 ± 4.5^*

p < 0.001

 RAP

2.1 ± 3.6

2 (0,5)

4.2 ± 5.6^*

6.4 ± 5.5^*♦

0.018

Echocardiogarphy

 RA area (cm2)

18 (16, 19.7)

20.8 (17.6,24.8)^*

26.1 (21,33)^*♦

35.9 ± 12.9^*♦•

p < 0.001

 RVD (mm)

42 (39, 44.3)

45.2 ± 6.2^*

48.7 ± 7.2^*♦

52.5 ± 5.8^*♦

p < 0.001

 RVD/LVD

1 (0.95,1.3)

1.2 (1.1,1.4)^*

1.5 (1.2,1.8)^*♦

1.7 ± 0.4^*♦

p < 0.001

 RWT (mm)

5.0 ± 1.1

5.3 (4.7,6.4)^*

5.6 (5.1,6.4)^*

6.2 ± 1.6^*

0.006

 TR-sPAP_ECHO(mm Hg)

61.4 ± 16.3

78.3 ± 18.8^*

91.7 ± 19.7^*♦

88.0 ± 21.9^*

p < 0.001

 TR-mPAP_ECHO(mm Hg)

36.9 ± 8.6

45.9 ± 10.4^*

55.6 ± 12.8^*♦

56.8 ± 11.4^*♦

p < 0.001

 eRAP(mm Hg)

3 (3,3)

3 (3,3)

8 (3,15)^*♦

15 (5.5,15)^*♦

p < 0.001

 TAPSE(mm)

17.1 ± 3.7

16.3 ± 3.6

15.0 ± 3.4^*♦

14.4 ± 2.6^*♦

0.006

 S’(cm/s)

9.8 ± 2.8

9.9 ± 2.3

9.1 ± 2.0

8.8 ± 1.8

0.122

 FAC(%)

30.9 ± 8.7

29.0 ± 8.4

28.0 ± 6.6

29.8 ± 5.8

0.365

 LAD

33.5 ± 5.0

32.8 ± 5.1

32(28,36)

32.8 ± 5.6

0.609

 LVIDd

42.3 ± 5.2

40.7 ± 4.8

38.5 ± 6.0^*♦

36.2 ± 4.0^*♦

p < 0.001

 LVEF(%)

71 (66,74)

68.7 ± 5.1

70 (65,72)

70.6 ± 6.7

0.207

 Tapse/TR-sPAP_ECHO

0.31 ± 0.11

0.21 (0.15,0.26)^*

0.16 (0.13,0.19)^*♦

0.17 ± 0.05^*♦

p < 0.001