Value of sputum Gram stain, sputum culture, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid Gram stain in predicting single bacterial pathogen among children with community-acquired pneumonia

Table 4 Sensitivity, specificity, and kappa value of BGS (n = 164) ^a

	BALF culture n (%)	BGS n (%)	Sensitivity %(95% CI) ^b	Specificity %(95% CI)^b	Kappa value (95% CI) ^b
G+cocci	29(17.68)	48(29.27)	77(56–90)	-	-
G-cocci	10(6.10)	5(3.05)	38(10–74)	-	-
G+bacilli	0	1(0.61)	-	-	-
G-bacilli	22(13.41)	14(8.54)	44(22–69)	-	-
Negative	103(62.80)	76(46.34)	-	-	-
Mixed bacteria	0	20(12.20)	-	-	-
Total	164(100.00)	164(100.00)	60(45–73)	71(60–79)	0.434(0.313–0.555)

BGS bronchoalveolar lavage fluid Gram stain, BALF bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, CI Confidence interval, G+cocci Gram-positive cocci, G-cocci Gram-negative cocci, G+bacilli Gram-positive bacilli, G-bacilli Gram-negative bacilli
^a Reference standard is bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture
^b Calculation was performed after mixed bacteria cases were excluded

ISSN: 1471-2466