Table 2 Baseline and post-BD spirometric measures and post-BD changes across groups

FEV₁

 Baseline (L)

1.50 (1.21 – 2.02)

1.22 (0.89 – 1.90)^ac

1.47 (1.15 – 2.08)

 Baseline (% predicted)

51.11 (40.82 – 62.13)

51.02 (38.02 – 70.66)

60.28 (49.85 – 73.40)^ab

 Post-BD (L)

1.86 (1.58 – 2.39)^bc

1.37 (1.04 – 2.05)

1.57 (1.20 – 2.12)

 Post-BD (% predicted)

63.67 (55.84 – 72.94)

56.12 (43.48 – 76.79)

62.16 (49.30 – 73.72)

 Post-BD change (L)

0.33 (0.28 – 0.44)

0.16 (0.13 – 0.19)^a

0.05 (0 – 0.10)^ab

 Post-BD change (% predicted)

11.29 (9.36 – 14.46)

6.12 (5.15 – 7.52)^a

1.96 (0 – 3.60)^ab

 %Change of initial

21.34 (17.48 – 32.65)

11.51 (9.50 – 15.38)^a

3.60 (0 – 6.43)^ab

FVC

 Baseline (L)

3.17 (2.39 – 3.72)

2.64 (2.07 – 3.30)

3.03 (2.40 – 3.80)

 Baseline (% predicted)

80.47 (69.25 – 90.31)

79.63 (69.68 – 91.45)

88.94 (79.33 – 104.54)^ab

 Post-BD (L)

3.67 (2.91 – 4.21)^bc

3.05 (2.46 – 3.65)

3.12 (2.42 – 3.93)

 Post-BD (% predicted)

91.56 (80.99 – 104.18)

89.77 (77.97 – 102.86)

92.28 (81.89 – 104.41)

 Post-BD change (L)

0.47 (0.29 – 0.67)

0.33 (0.20 – 0.46)^a

0.07 (-0.01 – 0.18)^ab

 Post-BD change (% predicted)

11.95 (7.53 – 18.62)

9.55 (6.06 – 13.51)^a

1.84 (-0.51 – 5.17)^ab

 %Change of initial

16.06 (8.60 – 27.40)

11.97 (6.53 – 17.28)^a

2.34 (-0.49 – 5.81)^ab

FEV₁/FVC

 Baseline (%)

52 (45 – 57)

52 (41 – 59)

53 (46 – 60)

 Post-BD (%)

55 (49 – 61)

53 (41 – 59)

54 (44 – 60)

 Post-BD change (%)

3 (0 – 6)^bc

0 (-1 – 2)

0 (-2 – 2)

MMEF

 Baseline (L/s)

0.62 (0.47 – 0.77)^b

0.45 (0.32 – 0.83)

0.57 (0.39 – 0.90)

 Baseline (% predicted)

23.50 (18.80 – 29.67)

23.24 (13.84 – 37.52)

26.90 (18.94 – 36.85)

 Post-BD (L/s)

1.12 (0.87 – 1.43)^bc

0.64 (0.44 – 1.17)

0.59 (0.41 – 0.99)

 Post-BD (% predicted)

43 (32.83 – 55.09)^bc

34.48 (21.53 – 53.77)

28.14 (21.51 – 40.20)

 Post-BD change (L/s)

0.47 (0.32 – 0.65)

0.21 (0.15 – 0.35)^a

0.05 (0 – 0.10)^ab

 Post-BD change (% predicted)

17.91 (12.63 – 26.09)

10.49 (6.44 – 15.04)^a

2.63 (0 – 4.56)^ab

 %Change of initial

76.24 (57.54 – 96.88)

42.34 (35.44 – 53.57)^a

11.77 (0 – 20)^ab

MMEF/FVC

 Baseline (%)

30.23 (25.27 – 38.15)

30.69 (20.45 – 40.54)

29.67 (22.54 – 42.22)

 Post-BD (%)

47.54 (36.82 – 61.38)

41.15 (24.10 -52.97)^a

31.34 (24.93 – 42.80)^ab

 Post-BD change (% predicted)

16.48 (10.52 – 21.70)

8.99 (5.14 – 12.54)^a

2.13 (-0.39 – 4.22)^ab

FEV₃

 Baseline (L)

2.26 (1.89 – 2.87)

1.87 (1.42 – 2.58)^ac

2.18 (1.74 – 2.88)

 Post-BD (L)

2.74 (2.27 – 3.31)^bc

2.06 (1.67 – 2.81)

2.28 (1.78 – 2.91)

 Post-BD change (L)

0.42 (0.32 – 0.53)

0.22 (0.19 – 0.29)^a

0.07 (0.01 – 0.12)^ab

 %Change of initial

17.92 (13.50 – 23.85)

10.99 (8.53 – 15.38)^a

3.24 (0.68 – 5.19)^ab

FEV₃/FVC

 Baseline (%)

77.14 (71.92 – 81.57)

76.57 (64.02 – 82.19)

76.74 (70.03 – 83.07)

 Post-BD (%)

79.28 (72.67 – 83.33)

77.84 (67.67 – 82.98)

76.84 (68.82 – 83.07)

 Post-BD change (%)

1.51 (-0.98 – 3.89)^c

0.10 (-3.04 – 3.32)

0.33 (-2.50 – 2.53)

GOLD stages (n, %)

 GOLD I

16 (15.1)

13 (16.5)

18 (14)

 GOLD II

70 (66)^b

35 (44.3)

78 (60.5)

 GOLD III

19 (17.9)

25 (31.6)

28 (21.7)

 GOLD IV

1 (0.9)

6 (7.6)

5 (3.9)