Risk of bleeding associated with transbronchial biopsy using flexible bronchoscopy in patients with echocardiographic or chest CT evidence of pulmonary hypertension

Table 4 The relationship between clinical factors and bleeding complication

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	OR (95% CI)	P Value	OR (95% CI)	P Value
Age (≥ 75 years)	1.72 (0.83–3.55)	.168
Sex (male)	0.56 (0.28–1.14)	.140
BMI (≥ 25 kg/ m²)	1.74 (0.85–3.56)	.176
Smoking (current or former smoker)	0.96 (0.42–2.23)	1.000
Antiplatelet agent administration^a (yes)	0.90 (0.36–2.29)	1.000
Anticoagulant agent administration^a (yes)	0.93 (0.21–4.22)	1.000
Lesion size (≥ 30 mm)	4.34 (2.00–9.40)	< .001	2.78 (1.17–6.62)	.021
Lesion location^b (central)	5.30 (2.36–11.91)	< .001	2.11 (0.81–5.49)	.125
Lesion location (upper or middle lobe)	1.49 (0.70–3.15)	.361
Bronchoscopic diagnosis (malignancy)	2.27 (1.03–5.04)	.045	1.30 (0.54–3.14)	.565
Final diagnosis (malignancy)	1.57 (0.59–4.24)	.502
Additional biopsy after GS removal^c (yes)	3.52 (1.61–7.69)	.002	2.27 (0.96–5.41)	.063
TRV (> 2.8 m/s)	3.71 (1.22–11.25)	.030	3.44 (1.01–11.74)	.049
PA:A ratio (> 0.9)	2.21 (1.01–4.80)	.063

BMI Body mass index, GS guide sheath, TRV tricuspid regurgitation velocity, PA:A ratio pulmonary artery to aorta ratio
^aAll cases set a drug holiday in accordance with the regulations of our department (Additional file 1: Table S1)
^bThe central lesion was defined as the lesion with bronchus sign positive localized inner than segmental bronchus
^cAdditional biopsy to obtain larger specimens using a Radial Jaw 4 Standard Pulmonary Biopsy Forceps® 1.8 mm (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, USA) or a Cryotherapy instrument, ERBE-CRYO2® (ERBE, Tubingen, Germany), with a flexible cryoprobe (1.9 mm diameter and 1,150 mm in length) after GS removal

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