Table 1 Demographic and baseline characteristics between interventional and control group (n = 80)

Age, median (IQR)

80 (100)

67 (50.3–75.5)

64 (41.8–69.8)

0.223^c

Age groups, n (%)

 Young adult (17–39)

12 (15.0)

3 (25.0)

9 (75.0)

0.159^a

 Middle age (40–64)

28 (35.0)

16 (57.1)

12 (42.9)

 Older age (> 65)

40 (50.0)

21 (52.5)

19 (47.5)

Gender, n (%)

 Male

47 (58.8)

25 (53.2)

22 (46.8)

0.496^a

 Female

33 (41.3)

15 (45.5)

18 (54.5)

Ethnicity, n (%)

 Malay

44 (55.0)

21 (47.7)

23 (52.3)

0.613^b

 Chinese

29 (36.3)

16 (55.2)

13 (44.8)

 Indian

6 (7.5)

2 (33.3)

4 (66.7)

 Others

1 (1.3)

1 (100.0)

0 (0.0)

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Yes

66 (82.5)

30 (45.5)

36 (54.5)

0.056^a

  HT^©

4 (5.0)

3 (75.0)

1 (25.0)

  DM®

3 (3.8)

2 (66.7)

1 (33.3)

  IHD^£

1 (1.3)

1 (100.0)

0 (0.0)

  Dyslipidemia

2 (2.5)

2 (100.0)

0 (0.0)

  HT/DM/dyslipidemia

11 (13.8)

2 (18.2)

9 (81.8)

  HT/DM/IHD

1 (1.3)

0 (0.0)

1 (100.0)

  HT/IHD

1 (1.3)

0 (0.0)

1 (100.0)

  HT/DM

8 (10.0)

3 (37.5)

5 (62.5)

  HT/Dyslipidemia

6 (7.5)

3 (50.0)

3 (50.0)

  HT/DM/IHD/Dyslipidemia

5 (6.3)

1 (20.0)

4 (80.0)

  Others

24 (30.0)

13 (54.2)

11 (45.8)

 None

14(17.5)

10 (71.4)

4 (28.6)

BMI (kg/m²), median (IQR)

80(100)

23.3(14.5–39.0)

23.8 (17.1–45.8)

0.324^c

BMI groups (kg/m²)^@ n (%)

 Underweight (< 18.5)

12 (15.0)

8 (66.7)

4 (33.3)

0.416^b

 Normal (18.5–24.5)

46 (57.5)

24 (52.2)

22 (47.8)

 Overweight (25.0–30.0)

13 (16.3)

5 (38.5)

8 (61.5)

 Obese (> 30.0)

9 (11.3)

3 (33.3)

6 (66.7)