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Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses for all-cause mortality in the HF + COPD group

From: Influence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on long-term hospitalization and mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

 

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

HR

95% CI

p-value

HR

95% CI

p-value

Age (years)

1.028

(0.984–1.074)

0.213

   

Male

1.058

(0.315–3.548)

0.928

   

Smoking history

1.195

(0.357–4.009)

0.772

   

BMI (kg/m2)

0.970

(0.865–1.088)

0.603

   

Hypertension

2.606

(0.352–19.304)

0.348

   

DM

0.932

(0.399–2.179)

0.871

   

CAD

1.247

(0.559–2.785)

0.590

   

Dyslipidemia

1.816

(0.678–4.867)

0.235

   

CKD

0.922

(0.403–2.106)

0.846

   

Atrial fibrillation

0.888

(0.368–2.142)

0.792

   

Stroke

2.131

(0.726–6.255)

0.168

   

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

0.860

(0.726–1.019)

0.082

0.921

(0.754–1.126)

0.424

Creatinine (μmol/L)

1.226

(0.972–1.546)

0.086

1.037

(0.776–1.385)

0.806

BNP > 1210 pg/mL

2.123

(0.918–4.910)

0.079

1.993

(0.744–5.340)

0.170

LVEF (%)

1.017

(0.962–1.075)

0.559

   

β1-blocker

1.048

(0.391–2.808)

0.925

   

Nonselective BB

1.078

(0.368–3.154)

0.891

   

ACEI/ARB

0.387

(0.169–0.884)

0.024*

0.369

(0.150–0.909)

0.030*

MRA

0.782

(0.342–1.788)

0.560

   

LABA

1.274

(0.572–2.837)

0.553

   

LAMA

0.777

(0.332–1.815)

0.560

   

ICS

1.787

(0.800–3.992)

0.157

   

OCS

2.140

(0.730–6.277)

0.166

   
  1. Variables that met the significance level of 0.10 were included in the multiple regression model
  2. BMI body mass index, DM diabetes mellitus, CAD coronary artery disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, BNP brain natriuretic peptide, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, BB β-blocker, ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, LABA long-acting β agonist, LAMA long-acting muscarinic antagonist, ICS inhaled corticosteroid, OCS oral corticosteroid
  3. *p-value < 0.05 indicates statistical significance