Fig. 2

PKD2 decreased the inflammatory response by activating autophagy. A549 cells were transfected with AdCo or AdPKD2 for 48 h. Then, the cells were stimulated with LPS (50 µg/ml) for 12 h or pretreated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA (1 mol/L) for 15 min, followed by LPS (50 µg/ml) treatment for 12 h. (A-C) The TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA levels in the cells were measured by qRT‒PCR. (D-F) The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the cells was detected by ELISA. (G-I) The levels of SQSTM1/P62 and Beclin-1 and the LC3-II were detected by western blot analysis. (J) Representative immunofluorescence images of SQSTM1/P62 (red) and DAPI (blue) double staining in A549 cells. Scale bar = 100 μm. (K) Representative immunofluorescence images of SQSTM1/P62 (red) and DAPI (blue) double staining in A549 cells. Scale bar = 100 μm. The experiments were repeated three times (three independent experiments). The data shown in the graphs are the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05