Table 5 Pneumothorax rate in subgroups of interest
Predictor | Pneumothorax Rate | P-Value |
|---|---|---|
Operator and study site detail | ||
Operator specialty | ||
Interventional pulmonologist | 9/226 (4.0%) | 0.0113 |
Thoracic surgeon | 6/38 (15.8%) | |
≤ 5th case for operator | ||
No | 13/242 (5.4%) | 0.3609 |
Yes | 2/22 (9.1%) | |
Setting | ||
Inpatient | 2/17 (11.8%) | 0.2499 |
Outpatient | 13/247 (5.3%) | |
Patient Characteristics | ||
Age ≥ 65 | ||
No | 3/86 (3.5%) | 0.3986 |
Yes | 12/178 (6.7%) | |
Sex | ||
Female | 10/150 (6.7%) | 0.5932 |
Male | 5/114 (4.4%) | |
Smoking status | ||
Current smoker | 5/72 (6.9%) | 0.8992 |
Never smoked | 3/65 (4.6%) | |
Prior smoker | 7/125 (5.6%) | |
Unknown/missing | 0/2 (0%) | |
Emphysema | ||
No | 8/150 (5.3%) | 0.7943 |
Yes | 7/114 (6.1%) | |
COPD | ||
No | 7/128 (5.5%) | 1.0000 |
Yes | 8/136 (5.9%) | |
Pre-procedure probability of malignancya ≥ 65% | ||
No | 5/131 (3.8%) | 0.2749 |
Yes | 9/122 (7.4%) | |
Lesion detail | ||
Primary lesion solidity | ||
Pure ground glass | 1/13 (7.7%) | 0.1570 |
Semi-solid | 5/46 (10.9%) | |
Solid | 9/205 (4.4%) | |
Primary lesion location | ||
Proximal third | 2/27 (7.4%) | 0.0085 |
Middle | 0/81 (0%) | |
Peripheral (outer third of the lung) | 13/155 (8.4%) | |
Primary lesion lobe location | ||
Left lower lobe | 1/34 (2.9%) | 0.7230 |
Left upper lobe | 6/79 (7.6%) | |
Right lower lobe | 4/52 (7.7%) | |
Right middle lobe | 1/17 (5.9%) | |
Right upper lobe | 3/82 (3.7%) | |
Primary lesion bronchus sign | ||
No | 15/181 (8.3%) | 0.0067 |
Yes | 0/78 (0%) | |
Distance from lesion to pleura, mm | ||
0 | 6/57 (10.5%) | 0.5044 |
< 10 | 2/36 (5.6%) | |
≥ 10 | 7/117 (6.0%) | |
Primary lesion sizeb < 20 mm | ||
No | 6/127 (4.7%) | 0.6006 |
Yes | 9/137 (6.6%) | |
Procedural details | ||
Biopsy of multiple lesions | ||
No | 13/221 (5.9%) | 1.0000 |
Yes | 2/43 (4.7%) | |
R-EBUS image type | ||
Concentric | 5/79 (6.3%) | 1.0000 |
Eccentric | 5/86 (5.8%) | |
ROSE used | ||
No | 9/92 (9.8%) | 0.0492 |
Yes | 6/172 (3.5%) | |
Monarch Platform software version | ||
2.1.3 | 7/55 (12.7%) | 0.0891 |
2.1.4 | 3/53 (5.7%) | |
2.1.5 | 3/73 (4.1%) | |
2.1.6 | 2/83 (2.4%) | |
Biopsy forceps used | ||
No | 5/77 (6.5%) | 0.7716 |
Yes | 10/187 (5.3%) | |
Cytology brush used | ||
No | 15/219 (6.8%) | 0.0820 |
Yes | 0/45 (0%) | |
Aspiration needle used | ||
No | 1/9 (11.1%) | 0.4143 |
Yes | 14/255 (5.5%) | |