Table 1 Characteristics of total PH patients stratified by 50th percentile of plasma choline levels
Variables | Total PH patients N = 272 | High Choline group N = 136 | Low Choline group N = 136 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 43.0 ± 16.5 | 46.3 ± 17.0 | 39.7 ± 15.3 | 0.001 |
Female sex, n (%) | 176 (64.7) | 70 (51.5) | 106 (77.9) | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 22.2 ± 4.6 | 22.5 ± 4.7 | 22.0 ± 4.5 | 0.414 |
WHO-FC, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
I-II | 168 (61.8) | 71 (52.2) | 97 (71.3) | 0.001 |
III-IV | 104 (38.2) | 65 (47.8) | 39 (28.7) | 0.001 |
Laboratories | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Choline, µM | 12.6 (10.1, 16.7) | 16.6 (14.5, 19.3) | 10.1 (8.4, 11.3) | < 0.001 |
NT-proBNP, pg/ml | 499.4 (150.1, 1565.3) | 977.9 (232.9, 2402.8) | 298.3 (137.6, 716.8) | < 0.001 |
ALT, IU/L | 18.0 (11.3, 26.0) | 19.0 (12.0, 30.0) | 17.0 (11.0, 24.8) | 0.122 |
AST, IU/L | 27.0 (22.0, 34.0) | 28.0 (23.0, 34.0) | 26.0 (21.3, 34.0) | 0.135 |
Creatinine, µM | 77.0 (66.6, 91.0) | 85.5 (72.0, 97.9) | 71.0 (63.0, 80.7) | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol, mM | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 4.2 ± 1.2 | 0.176 |
Triglycerides, mM | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 1.2 | 0.657 |
Serum iron, µM | 16.1 ± 7.9 | 15.9 ± 8.0 | 14.9 ± 7.5 | 0.271 |
Exercise capacity | Â | Â | Â | Â |
PeakVO2, mL/min/kg | 14.1 ± 3.9 | 13.1 ± 3.8 | 15.1 ± 3.8 | < 0.001 |
VO2% | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 |
VCO2% | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 |
6MWD, m | 414.1 ± 99.4 | 400.1 ± 104.1 | 429.2 ± 91.5 | 0.033 |
Hemodynamics | Â | Â | Â | Â |
mRAP, mmHg | 6.5 ± 4.1 | 6.6 ± 4.4 | 6.3 ± 3.7 | 0.580 |
RVDP, mmHg | -1.0 (-5.5, 3.0) | -0.5 (-5.0, 4.0) | -2.0 (-6.0, 2.0) | 0.020 |
mPAP, mmHg | 57.4 ± 17.4 | 58.1 ± 17.7 | 56.8 ± 17.2 | 0.588 |
Cardiac output index, L/min*m2 | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 3.4 ± 1.0 | 0.001 |
Targeted treatment | Â | Â | Â | Â |
ERA | 142 (52.2) | 63 (46.3) | 79 (58.1) | 0.068 |
NO pathway | 214 (78.7) | 103 (75.7) | 111 (81.6) | 0.159 |
Prostacyclin analogues | 43 (15.8) | 25 (18.4) | 18 (13.2) | 0.150 |