Fig. 1

TMP pretreatment attenuated LPS-induced ALI in mice. A HE staining was applied to assess the histopathological changes in the lung sections of LPS-stimulated ALI mice pretreated with or without TMP (original magnification, × 200). Scale bar: 100 μm. B The lung injury scores were evaluated by two blinded pathologists to determine the degree of lung injury. C The lung wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio. D-F Proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in the serum were detected using ELISA. Data for the bar graphs are presented as mean ± SEM, and multiple comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni coefficient (n = 6). *Significant difference compared with the control group, *P < 0.05; ^#Significant difference compared with the LPS group, P < 0.05. ALI: acute lung injury; ANOVA: analysis of variance; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HE: hematoxylin and eosin; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; SEM, standard error of the mean; TMP: tetramethylpyrazine