Table 1 Characteristics of patients with COVID-19 infection who underwent tracheostomy according to in-hospital mortality

Age (median) (p25-p75)

66.0 (57.5 – 72.00)

61.0 (53.0 – 68.0)

70.0 (61.0 – 74.2)

< 0.001^*

Sex

0.847

 Male

77 (68.1)

37 (67.3)

40 (69.0)

 Female

36 (31.8)

18 (32.7)

18 (31.0)

BMI (median) (p25-p75)

27.2 (23.5 – 31.2)

27.2 (23.4 – 31.5)

27.2 (23.7 – 31.2)

0.982^*

Comorbidities

 Arterial hypertension

58 (51.3)

28 (50.9)

30 (51.7)

0.931

 Diabetes mellitus

35 (30.9)

19 (34.5)

16 (27.6)

0.424

 Cardiovascular disease

12 (10.6)

4 (7.3)

8 (13.8)

0.261

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

20 (17.6)

6 (10.9)

14 (24.1)

0.066

 Chronic kidney disease

19 (16.8)

6 (10.9)

13 (22.4)

0.102

 Oncologic disease

9 (7.9)

3 (5.5)

6 (10.3)

0.337

SOFA (median) (p25-p75)

7.0 (4.5 – 9.0)

7.0 (5.0 – 8.0)

7.0 (3.7 – 9.0)

0.972^*

APACHE II (median) (p25-p75)

16.0 (12.0 – 21.0)

15.0 (12.0 – 20.0)

18.0 (12.0 – 23.0)

0.097^*

PaO₂/FiO₂ intubation (median) (p25-p75)

79.0 (67.0 – 100.0)

78.0 (67.0 – 98.0)

84.0 (67.0 – 104.7)

0.367^*

PaO₂/FiO₂ tracheostomy (median) (p25-p75)

150 (118.5 – 185.5)

164.0 (137.0 – 194.0)

142.5 (105.5 – 142.5)

0.021^*

Intubation days (median) (p25-p75)

17.0 (14.0 – 20.5)

17.0 (14.0 – 21.0)

16.5 (13.0 – 20.0)

0.468^*

Time of tracheostomy

0.031

 Early

24 (21.2)

7 (12.7)

17 (29.3)

 Late

89 (78.7)

48 (87.3)

41 (70.7)

Type of tracheostomy

< 0.001

 Percutaneous

40 (30.0)

30 (54.5)

10 (17.2)

 Open

73 (64.6)

25 (45.5)

48 (82.8)

Mechanical ventilation Day 0

 Tidal volume (mL) (median) (p25- p75)

420 (400–450)

420 (400–460)

420 (400–440)

0.546^*

 Plateau pressure (cmH₂O) (median) (p25- p75)

23 (21–25)

23 (21–26)

22 (20–25)

0.485^*

 Compliance static (mL/cmH₂O) (median) (p25- p75)

32.3 (27.6–44.4)

34.3 (27.0–45.1)

30.7 (28.5–43)

0.673^*

 PEEP (cmH₂O) (median) (p25- p75)

10 (10–12)

10 (10–12)

10 (10–12)

0.461^*

 Driving pressure (cmH₂O) (median) (p25- p75)

12 (10–14)

12 (10–14.25)

12 (10–14)

0.824^*

Mechanical ventilation Day 4

 Tidal volume (mL) (median) (p25- p75)

430 (400–467.5)

425 (400–470)

430 (402–460)

0.915^*

 Plateau pressure (cmH₂O) (median) (p25- p75)

24 (22–26)

24.5 (21.2–27)

24 (22–24)

0.406^*

 Compliance static (mL/cmH₂O) (median) (p25- p75)

33.8 (28.2–42)

34.0 (28.1–44.0)

33.8 (31.2–40)

0.857^*

 PEEP (cmH₂O) (median) (p25- p75)

12 (10–12)

12 (10–12)

10.5 (10–12)

0.403^*

 Driving pressure (cmH₂O) (median) (p25- p75)

13 (10–14)

13 (10.2–15)

12 (10.5–14)

0.718^*

Days in hospital (median) (p25-p75)

38.0 (28.0 – 54.0)

50.0 (39.0 – 67.0)

28.0 (22.0 – 36.2)

< 0.001^*

Days in ICU (median) (p25-p75)

28.0 (22.0 – 38.0)

32.0 (26.0 – 44.0)

25.5 (17.7 – 32.0)

< 0.001^*

Decannulation

39 (34.5)

37 (67.3)

2 (3.4)

< 0.001

Complications

 Bleeding

7 (6.1)

4 (7.3)

3 (5.2)

0.643

 Surgical wound infection

2 (1.7)

2 (3.6)

0 (0.0)

0.143

 Pneumothorax

1 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.7)

0.328

 Pneumomediastinum

1 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.7)

0.328

 Subcutaneous emphysema

2 (1.7)

1 (1.8)

1 (1.7)

0.970

 Cardiac arrest

2 (1.7)

0 (0.0)

2 (3.4)

0.165

 Laryngotracheal stenosis

1 (0.8)

1 (1.89

0 (0.0)

0.302

Reintervention

6 (5.3)

2 (3.6)

4 (6.9)

0.440