Table 1 Characteristics of Patients with COVID-19 and ARDS requiring ECMO
Characteristics | All patients | ECMO survivors | ECMO nonsurvivors | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 72) | n = 37 (52%) | n = 35 (48%) | ||
Age, yr, mean (SD) | 53 (8) | 50.4 (9) | 55.8 (7) | 0.01 |
Sex, M, n (%) | 58 (80.5) | 29 (80.5) | 28 (77.8) | 1 |
Body mass index, kg/m2,mean (SD) | 31.8 (6) | 32.0 (6) | 31.5 (6) | 0.7 |
SOFA at ICU admission, median (IQR) | 7 (5 -9) | 6.5 (4—8) | 7 (4—8) | 0.9 |
Pandemic waves, n (%) | 0.6 | |||
First (March–May 2020) | 15 (20.8) | 10 (60) | 5 (40) | |
Rest | 57 (79.2) | 27 (47.4) | 30 (52.6) | |
Pre-ECMO comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
Hypertension | 29 (40.3) | 13 (35.1) | 16 (45.7) | 0.8 |
Diabetes mellitus | 16 (22.2) | 7 (18.9) | 9 (25.7) | 0.9 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 5 (6.9) | 0 (0) | 5 (14.3) | 0.2 |
Pre-ECMO treatments, n (%) | ||||
Prono positioning | 66 (92) | 34 (92) | 32 (91) | 0.7 |
Neuromuscular blockade | 67 (45) | 33 (89) | 34 (97) | 1 |
Inhaled nitric oxide | 33 (46) | 15 (41) | 18 (51) | 0.6 |
Corticosteroids | 65 (91.5) | 34 (92) | 31 (89) | 0.4 |
Tocilizumab | 30 (41.7) | 15 (41) | 15 (43) | 1 |
Anticoagulation | 19 (26.7) | 14 (38) | 5 (14) | 0.2 |
Vasopressors | 21 (29) | 9 (24) | 12 (34) | 0.4 |
Pre-ECMO ventilatory support, n (%) | ||||
HFNC | 53 (73.6) | 24 (65) | 29 (83) | 0.3 |
CPAP/BIPAP | 40 (55.5) | 18 (49) | 22 (63) | 0.5 |
NIV | 60 (83.3) | 29 (78) | 31 (86) | 0.3 |
ETI without NIV | 12 (16.7) | 8 (22) | 4 (11) | 0.3 |
IMV | 70 (97.2) | 37 (100) | 33 (94) | 0.5 |
PEEP (IMV), cm H2O, median (IQR) | 10 (8–14) | 12 (10–15) | 10 (6–12) | 0.01 |
Scores ECMO initiation, median (IQR) | ||||
SOFA | 6 (4–7) | 5.5 (4.3–7) | 6 (4–7) | 0.8 |
RESP | 2 (0–3) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (-1–2) | 0.01 |
Lab values at ECMO initiation | ||||
paO2/FIO2, ratio, mean (SD) | 66 (18) | 71 (19) | 63 (16) | 0.1 |
pH, mean (SD) | 7.31 (0.1) | 7.29 (0.1) | 7.31 (0.1) | 0.6 |
paCO2, mmHg, mean (SD) | 63 (20) | 65.7 (20) | 68.6 (20) | 0.5 |
D-Dimer, µg/L, median (IQR) | 1939 (826–3240) | 2371 (972–3437) | 1707 (556–3029) | 0.05 |
Creatinine, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 0.70 (0.7) | 0.99 (0.7) | 0.92 (0.6) | 0.7 |
Bilirubin, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 0.44 (0.8) | 0.8 (1.1) | 0.6 (0.5) | 0.5 |
Platelets, × 109/L, mean (SD) | 259 (119) | 287 (131) | 286 (109) | 0.9 |
Lactate, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 2 (1.3–2.6) | 1.8 (1.2–2.6) | 2.1 (1.5–3.5) | 0.1 |
Days Hospital—ICU, median (IQR) | 2 (0—5) | 2 (0—5) | 2 (0—5) | 0.7 |
Days Hospital—ECMO, median (IQR) | 10 (6—16) | 9 (5—14) | 13 (7—19) | 0.2 |
Days NIV—ICU, median (IQR) | 1 (0—2) | 1 (0—2) | 1 (0—3) | 0.5 |
Days NIV—ETI, median (IQR) | 3 (0—6) | 2 (0—5) | 4 (1—7) | 0.07 |
Days NIV -ECMO, median (IQR) | 9 (5—15) | 8 (5—13) | 9 (6—16) | 0.07 |
Days ETI-ECMO, median (IQR) | 4 (2—9) | 4 (3—6) | 4 (2—11) | 0.6 |