Table 2 Comparison of CVD prevalence in COPD and control groups

One CVD

 Control

Reference

Reference

Reference

 COPD

4.7 (3.7–5.9) < 0.001

4.1 (3.1–5.3) < 0.001

2.2 (1.6–3.0) < 0.001

Two or more CVDs

 Control

Reference

Reference

Reference

 COPD

6.9 (5.4–8.8) < 0.001

5.5 (4.2–7.3) < 0.001

3.3 (2.2–5.0) < 0.001

Three or more CVDs

 Control

Reference

Reference

Reference

 COPD

8.1 (6.0–10.7) < 0.001

6.1 (4.5–8.3) < 0.001

4.3 (2.9–6.5) < 0.001

Coronary heart disease

 Control

Reference

Reference

Reference

 COPD

6.3 (5.0–7.9) < 0.001

4.6 (3.5–6.0) < 0.001

4.0 (2.7–5.9) < 0.001

Heart failure

 Control

Reference

Reference

Reference

 COPD

8.2 (6.4–10.5) < 0.001

6.6 (5.0–8.7) < 0.001

5.6 (3.2–9.7) < 0.001

Angina pectoris

 Control

Reference

Reference

Reference

 COPD

6.9 (4.7–10.1) < 0.001

5.2 (3.4–7.9) < 0.001

2.1 (1.0–4.4) 0.060

Heart attack

 Control

Reference

Reference

Reference

 COPD

6.3 (4.8–8.3) < 0.001

4.8 (3.6–6.5) < 0.001

3.2 (2.0–5.0) < 0.001

Diabetes

 Control

Reference

Reference

Reference

 COPD

2.4 (1.9–3.1) < 0.001

2.1 (1.6–2.8) < 0.001

1.8 (1.3–2.5) 0.003

Stroke

 Control

Reference

Reference

Reference

 COPD

4.0 (2.9–5.6) < 0.001

3.1 (2.2–4.4) < 0.001

1.2 (0.6–2.1) < 0. 624