Table 2 Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause and major cause-specific mortality by lung function categories

All-cause mortality

 Normal spirometry

991/2129

30.7

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

 RSP only

335/473

55.5

1.91 (1.69, 2.16)

1.75 (1.54, 1.98)

1.76 (1.55, 1.99)

1.63 (1.44, 1.85)

 AFO only

662/1148

49.6

1.93 (1.75, 2.14)

1.55 (1.40, 1.72)

1.50 (1.35, 1.67)

1.47 (1.32, 1.63)

 RSP&AFO mixed

411/565

80.0

3.31 (2.95, 3.72)

2.50 (2.21, 2.82)

2.37 (2.10, 2.69)

2.22 (1.95, 2.52)

Respiratory-related mortality

 Normal spirometry

499/2129

15.4

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

 RSP only

193/473

32.0

1.88 (1.59, 2.22)

1.76 (1.48, 2.08)

1.76 (1.49, 2.08)

1.56 (1.31, 1.85)

 AFO only

379/1148

28.4

1.77 (1.55, 2.01)

1.62 (1.42, 1.86)

1.61 (1.40, 1.85)

1.55 (1.34, 1.78)

 RSP&AFO mixed

288/565

56.1

3.38 (2.90, 3.94)

2.94 (2.51, 3.45)

2.89 (2.46, 3.40)

2.59 (2.18, 3.07)

Lung cancer mortality

 Normal spirometry

127/2129

3.9

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

 RSP only

29/473

4.8

0.96 (0.64, 1.44)

0.91 (0.60, 1.38)

0.96 (0.64, 1.46)

0.92 (0.60, 1.41)

 AFO only

73/1148

5.5

1.14 (0.86, 1.52)

0.95 (0.70, 1.28)

0.86 (0.63, 1.16)

0.85 (0.63, 1.17)

 RSP&AFO mixed

20/565

3.9

0.60 (0.37, 0.96)

0.49 (0.30, 0.80)

0.49 (0.30, 0.80)

0.48 (0.29, 0.81)

Cardiovascular-related mortality

 Normal spirometry

78/2129

2.4

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

 RSP only

27/473

4.5

1.44 (0.93, 2.23)

1.43 (0.91, 2.24)

1.41 (0.90, 2.23)

1.47 (0.94, 2.31)

 AFO only

37/1148

2.8

0.95 (0.64, 1.40)

0.80 (0.53, 1.20)

0.80 (0.53, 1.21)

0.86 (0.57, 1.31)

 RSP&AFO mixed

26/565

5.1

1.29 (0.83, 2.02)

1.10 (0.68, 1.79)

1.12 (0.68, 1.83)

1.14 (0.68, 1.91)