Table 1 Patient characteristics by age group (elderly versus non-elderly)
Characteristics | All patients (n = 735) | Age ≤ 65 years (n = 222) | Age > 65 years (n = 513) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 71.2 ± 15 | 52.9 ± 10.5 | 79.1 ± 8.2 | < 0.001 |
Sex (male) | 413 (56.2) | 132 (59.5) | 281 (54.8) | 0.257 |
Underlying condition | ||||
Prior acute coronary syndrome | 101 (13.7) | 12 (5.4) | 89 (17.3) | < 0.001 |
Prior cerebrovascular accident | 183 (24.9) | 26 (11.7) | 157 (30.6) | < 0.001 |
Chronic lung diseases | 176 (23.9) | 46 (20.7) | 130 (25.3) | 0.189 |
Diabetes mellitus | 236 (32.1) | 60 (27) | 176 (34.3) | 0.058 |
Moderate to severe chronic kidney disease | 146 (19.9) | 21 (9.5) | 125 (24.4) | < 0.001 |
Do-not-resuscitate status | 410 (55.8) | 92 (41.4) | 318 (62.0) | < 0.001 |
Malignancy | 247 (33.6) | 96 (43.2) | 151 (9.8) | < 0.001 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | 5.9 ± 2.8 | 4.6 ± 2.9 | 6.4 ± 2.5 | < 0.001 |
Vital signs and mental status | ||||
Body temperature (°C) | 36.9, 1.1 | 37, 1.1 | 36.9, 1 | 0.432 |
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 95.7 ± 23.7 | 97.6 ± 24.4 | 94.9 ± 23.4 | 0.15 |
Pulse rate (beats/min) | 103.5 ± 24.7 | 110.2 ± 23.7 | 100.6 ± 24.6 | < 0.001 |
Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 32, 8 | 33.7 ± 9.6 | 32.4 ± 8.2 | 0.072 |
Glasgow Coma Scale score | 15, 5 | 15, 4 | 14, 5 | 0.001 |
Room air oxygen saturation | 91, 12 | 91, 12 | 91, 11.8 | 0.607 |
Laboratory results | ||||
Hemoglobin (g/dL)* | 10.5 ± 2.6 | 10.9 ± 2.8 | 10.3 ± 2.5 | 0.004 |
White blood cells (×1000/µL)** | 11.4, 8.1 | 11.2, 7.8 | 11.4, 8.3 | 0.728 |
Platelet (×10,000/µL)* | 26.2 ± 14.4 | 28.5 ± 15.6 | 25.2 ± 13.7 | 0.006 |
Glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73m2)*** | 70 ± 37.8 | 70 ± 37.8 | 70 ± 37.8 | 70 ± 37.8 |
Type of pneumonia | 0.465 | |||
Community-acquired pneumonia | 437 (59.5) | 130 (58.6) | 307 (59.8) | |
Hospital-acquired pneumonia | 290 (39.5) | 88 (39.6) | 202 (39.4) | |
Ventilator-associated pneumonia | 8 (1.1) | 4 (1.8) | 4 (0.8) | |
Severity of Pneumonia (CURB-65)**** | < 0.001 | |||
CURB-65 score 0–1 | 87 (12.0) | 60 (27.5) | 27 (5.3) | |
CURB-65 score 2–3 | 473 (65.1) | 150 (68.8) | 323 (63.5) | |
CURB-65 score 4–5 | 167 (23) | 8 (3.7) | 159 (31.2) | |
Initial oxygen support | 0.113 | |||
None | 89 (12.1) | 30 (13.5) | 59 (11.5) | |
Cannula | 269 (36.6) | 80 (36) | 189 (36.8) | |
Mask with bag | 242 (32.9) | 61 (27.5) | 181 (35.3) | |
Endotracheal tube | 75 (10.2) | 30 (13.5) | 45 (8.8) | |
Emergency Department disposition | 0.005 | |||
Inpatient ward | 509 (69.3) | 143 (64.4) | 366 (71.3) | |
Death | 107 (14.6) | 27 (12.2) | 80 (15.6) | |
Discharge | 29 (3.9) | 14 (6.3) | 15 (2.9) | |
Oxygen support during hospitalization | ||||
Non-invasive ventilation | 26 (3.5) | 12 (5.4) | 14 (2.7) | 0.083 |
High-flow nasal cannula | 113 (15.4) | 40 (18) | 73 (14.2) | 0.22 |
Mechanical ventilation | 172 (23.4) | 63 (28.4) | 109 (21.2) | 0.037 |
Outcome | ||||
Emergency department length of stay (hours) | 14, 21 | 13, 17.5 | 15, 21.5 | 0.157 |
Hospital length of stay (days) | 5, 11 | 4, 10 | 5, 11 | 0.033 |
In-hospital mortality | 273 (37.1) | 73 (32.9) | 200 (39.0) | 0.116 |