Table 3 Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants in the 3 different groups

Patient age: mean ± SD (range)

60 ± 10.6

(25–80)

60.2 ± 13.6

(35–74)

64.9 ± 11.4

(41–85)

P = 0.1473

Age group

 18–28

4 (3.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

P = 0.71

 29–39

9 (7.8%)

3 (4.5%)

1 (3.7%)

P = 0.50

 40–50

15 (12.9%)

14 (20.9%)

4 (14.8%)

P = 0.25

 51–61

34 (29.3%)

16 (23.9%)

6 (22.2%)

P = 0.60

 62–72

28 (24.1%)

19 (28.4%)

8 (29.6%)

P = 0.50

 73–83

25 (21.6%)

15 (22.4%)

7 (25.9%)

P = 0.71

 > 83

1 (0.8%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (3.7%)

P = 0.11

Gender

 Male

54 (46.6%)

39(58.2%)

15 (55.6%)

p = 0.21

 Female

62 (53.4)

28 (41.8%)

12 (44.4%)

BMI, kg/m², mean ± SD

26.8 ± 4.6

30.2 ± 4.1

32.2 ± 4.5

P < 0.05

Smokers

36 (31.0%)

18(26.8%)

13 (48.1%)

P = 0.12

Alcoholic

9 (7.7%)

6 (8.9%)

2(7.4%)

P = 0.40

Underlying medical conditions

 Coronary artery disease

20 (18.1%)

13 (19.4%)

6 (18.5%)

P = 0.49

 Congestive heart failure

12 (10.3%)

9 (13.4%)

3 (11.1%)

P = 0.81

 Cardiac arrhythmia

5 (4.3%)

2 (3.0%)

1 (3.7%)

P = 0.90

 Hypertension

29 (25.0%)

19 (28.4%)

9 (33.3%)

P = 0.65

 Hyperlipidemia

18 (15.5%)

15 (22.4%)

5 (18.5%)

P = 0.50

 Diabetes

26 (22.4%)

18 (26.9%)

7 (25.9%)

P = 0.77

 Cerebrovascular accident

5 (4.3%)

4 (6.0%)

2 (7.4%)

P = 0.76

 Pulmonary disorders

2 (1.7%)

3 (4.5%)

4 (14.8%)

P = 0.07

 Chronic renal insufficiency

10 (8.6%)

7 (10.4%)

2 (7.4%)

P = 0.8721

 Thyroid disorders

5 (4.3%)

5 (7.5%)

1 (3.7%)

P = 0.6073

 Irritable bowel syndrome

10 (8.6%)

8 (11.9)

4 (14.8%)

P = 0.64

 Inflammatory bowel disease

4 (3.4%)

2 (3.0%)

0 (0.0%)

P = 0.24

 Other GI disorders

2(1.7%)

1(1.5%)

0

P = 0.32