Fig. 1

Continuous and Repeat Metabolic Measurements. The measurements were started from the admission to the cardiothoracic intensive care unit for post-surgical patients. For critical care patients, the measurements were started from the earliest possible timing after enrollment. A Fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2). B VO2 at standard temperature and pressure and dry (STPD). C VCO2 at STPD. D RQ. n = 4 for post-surgery, n = 6 for critical care patients. Subjects IDs are corresponding to those in Table 1