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Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of study population according to asthma severity

From: Medical resource utilization and the associated costs of asthma in China: a 1-year retrospective study

 

Mild

(n = 4,529)

Moderate

(n = 2,200)

Severe*

(n = 525)

Total

(n = 7,254)

p-Value

Age, years (SD)

49.1 (19.5)

46.8 (17.9)

51.7 (17.4)

48.6 (18.9)

0.0001

 6–11

327 (7.2%)

129 (5.9%)

20 (3.8%)

476 (6.6%)

 

 12–17

58 (1.3%)

39 (1.8%)

3 (0.6%)

100 (1.4%)

 

 18–30

363 (8.0%)

197 (9.0%)

39 (7.4%)

599 (8.3%)

 

 31–45

1,028 (22.7%)

631 (28.7%)

116 (22.1%)

1,775 (24.5%)

 

 46–60

1,400 (30.9%)

694 (31.6%)

181 (34.5%)

2,275 (31.4%)

 

 >60

1,353 (29.9%)

510 (23.2%)

166 (31.6%)

2,029 (28.0%)

 

Gender (%, male)

2,045 (45.2%)

1,093 (49.7%)

222 (42.3%)

3,360 (46.3%)

< 0.0001

Region (%)

     

 East

3,884 (85.8%)

2,010 (91.4%)

352 (67.1%)

6,246 (86.1%)

< 0.0001

 Middle

336 (7.4%)

95 (4.3%)

103 (19.6%)

534 (7.4%)

 

 West

309 (6.8))

95 (4.3%)

70 (13.3%)

474 (6.5%)

 

Frequency of hospital visits (%)†

    

< 0.0001

 Tertiary

3,610(32.1%)

3,988 (59.5%)

671 (64.2%)

8,269 (43.5%)

 

 Secondary

2,193(19.5%)

1,399 (20.9%)

263 (25.2%)

3,855 (20.3%)

 

 Primary

5,451(48.4%)

1,315 (19.6%)

111 (10.6%)

6,877 (36.2%)

 

 Unspecified

3(0%)

1 (0%)

0 (0%)

4 (0%)

 

Insurance type (%)

    

< 0.0001

 Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI)

3,823 (84.4%)

1,957 (89.0%)

415 (79.1%)

6,195 (85.4%)

 

 Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI)

706 (15.6%)

243 (11.1%)

110 (21.0%)

1,059 (14.6%)

 

Complications(%, yes)

155 (3.4%)

47 (2.1%)

31 (5.9%)

233 (3.2%)

< 0.0001

Exacerbation (%, yes)

1,360 (30.0%)

369 (16.8%)

349 (66.5%)

2,078 (28.7%)

< 0.0001

Frequency (SD, all patients)

0.5(1.6)

0.3(1.1)

0.8(0.7)

0.5(1.5)

0.0001

Frequency (SD, patients who had the Exacerbation)

1.7(2.6)

1.7(2.4)

1.2(0.6)

1.6(2.4)

0.0001

Severe exacerbation (%, yes)

1312(29.0%)

353(16.1%)

349(66.5%)

2014(27.8%)

< 0.0001

Frequency (SD, all patients)

0.5(1.6)

0.3(1.1)

0.8(0.7)

0.4(1.4)

0.0001

Frequency (SD, patients who had the Severe exacerbation)

1.7(2.6)

1.7(2.4)

1.2(0.6)

1.6(2.4)

0.0002

Control level (%, poor)

1,612 (35.6%)

483 (22.0%)

384 (67.5%)

2449 (33.8%)

< 0.0001

  1. *Reference group. †Each patient may go to hospital (either same or different levels of hospital) repeatedly, resulting in the frequency larger than the number of patients. SD: standard deviation. Age was compared in analysis of variance test; Chi-square tests/Fisher-exact tests were used for the comparison of other variables. P values indicated overall significance of each comparison. Two separate significance testes were also used to compare mild group vs. severe group, and moderate group vs. severe group, respectively. Bold indicates values that are significantly different from the reference group (i.e., severe group). Complications were defined as having one of the following conditions: infection, shock, pneumothorax, disseminated intravascular coagulation, mechanical ventilation, respiratory failure, respiratory or sudden cardiac arrest, and sudden death; Exacerbation was defined as: hospital admission or emergency room (ER) visit, or outpatient visit with an OCS prescription order within 7 days of outpatient visit; Poor control level was defined as: ≥1 any exacerbation or treatment step-up
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine

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