Fig. 3

COPD/PH-related and COPD-related medical service utilization during the follow-up period. ED, emergency department. Other medical services included laboratory and pathology test, radiology, surgery, medical procedures/supplies/products during office visits, and other ancillary services. COPD-related medical services (hospitalization, ED visit, outpatient/office visit, other medical service) were identified by a primary diagnosis of COPD on claims. COPD/PH-related medical services (hospitalization, ED visit, outpatient/office visit, other medical service) were identified by a primary diagnosis of COPD or PH on claims. Noting that COPD/PH-related medical service utilization in the PH-COPD cohort was not statistically compared to COPD-related utilization in the non-PH COPD cohort