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Table 4 Impact of socioeconomic determinants at the geographic level on incidental lung nodule size

From: Assessing the impact of socioeconomic status on incidental lung nodules at an urban safety net hospital

 

Nodule < 6 mm

Nodule 6–8 mm

Nodule > 8 mm

 

Odds Ratio

95% Confidence Interval

p value

Odds Ratio

95% Confidence Interval

p value

Odds Ratio

95% Confidence Interval

p value

Birthplace outside US a

0.896

0.632, 0.953

0.015

1.014

0.826, 1.291

0.776

1.078

0.998, 1.413

0.051

Violent Crime Index

1.016

0.966, 1.112

0.314

0.997

0.923, 1.072

0.877

0.992

0.891, 1.084

0.723

Cost of Living Index

0.933

0.724, 1.005

0.056

1.084

1.002, 1.445

0.048

0.993

0.849, 1.14

0.823

Air Quality Index

0.466

0.006, 5.105

0.309

1.576

0.085, 95.94

0.56

1.848

0.17, 99.31

0.384

Education b

1.243

1.143, 2.382

0.008

0.795

0.37, 0.942

0.027

0.949

0.638, 1.227

0.467

Poverty Level c

0.973

0.767, 1.151

0.543

0.942

0.7, 1.084

0.213

1.084

0.984, 1.469

0.071

Unemployment Rate

0.754

0.276, 0.986

0.045

1.143

0.746, 2.483

0.314

1.114

0.755, 2.178

0.357

Median Income

1.007

0.951, 1.089

0.633

0.96

0.838, 0.991

0.028

1.018

0.977, 1.112

0.208

  1. aBirthplace outside the US is defined by the percentage of individuals with a place of birth listed as foreign according to the United States 2020 Census data
  2. bEducation was defined by the percentage of individuals with less than a high school level or equivalent education
  3. cPoverty level was defined by the percentage of individuals living below the federal poverty level. Odds ratios were adjusted for covariates including age, smoking status, history of COPD and sex (with male as the reference)
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine

ISSN: 1471-2466

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