Table 2 Imaging characteristics of patients and lesions in training and validation set
Training Set | Validation Set | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Malignant nodules | Benign nodules | P Value | Malignant nodules | Benign nodules | P Value |
Lesion type | < .001 | < .001 | ||||
Solid nodules | 49(26.1) | 77(79.4) | 18(21.2) | 32(86.5) | ||
Part-solid nodules | 52(27.7) | 8(8.2) | 30(35.3) | 0(0) | ||
Non-solid nodules | 87(46.3) | 12(12.4) | 37(43.5) | 5(13.5) | ||
Median lesion size at imaging (mm) | 8.5(6.5–11.5) | 7.5(6–10) | .033 | 8.5(7–11) | 9.5(7–11.5) | .554 |
Location | .347 | .150 | ||||
Left upper lobe | 43(22.9) | 19(19.6) | 26(30.6) | 6(16.2) | ||
Left lower lobe | 27(14.4) | 22(22.7) | 8(9.4) | 5(13.5) | ||
Right upper lobe | 64(34.0) | 24(24.7) | 32(37.6) | 14(37.8) | ||
Right middle lobe | 17(9.0) | 8(8.2) | 9(10.6) | 2(5.4) | ||
Right lower lobe | 36(19.1) | 23(23.7) | 10(11.8) | 9(24.3) | ||
Subpleural | 1(0.5) | 1(1.0) | 0(0) | 1(2.7) | ||
Imaging finding | ||||||
Spiculation | .015 | .077 | ||||
No | 65(34.6) | 48(49.5) | 25(29.4) | 17(45.9) | ||
Yes | 123(65.4) | 49(50.5) | 60(70.6) | 20(54.1) | ||
Pleural retraction | .683 | .581 | ||||
No | 119(63.3) | 59(60.8) | 53(62.4) | 25(67.6) | ||
Yes | 69(36.7) | 38(39.2) | 32(37.6) | 12(32.4) | ||
Vascular convergence | < .001 | .056 | ||||
No | 40(21.3) | 42(43.3) | 20(23.5) | 15(40.5) | ||
Yes | 148(78.7) | 55(56.7) | 65(76.5) | 22(59.5) | ||
Vacuolar sign | .008 | .697 | ||||
No | 101(53.7) | 68(70.1) | 45(52.9) | 21(56.8) | ||
Yes | 87(46.3) | 29(29.9) | 40(47.1) | 16(43.2) | ||