Table 5 Multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors for benign nodules are diagnosed as malignant nodules
All(n = 160) | Bivariate Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Same (n = 80) | Higher(n = 80) | Odds Ratioa | P Value | Odds Ratioa | P Value |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 28(35) | 34(42.5) | 1 (reference) | |||
Female | 52(65) | 46(57.5) | 1.37(0.73–2.60) | .331 | ||
Smoking history | ||||||
no | 60(75) | 57(71.3) | 1 (reference) | |||
yes | 20(25) | 23(28.7) | 1.21(0.60–2.44) | .593 | ||
Family history of cancer | ||||||
no | 13(16.3) | 7(8.8) | 1 (reference) | |||
yes | 67(83.8) | 73(91.3) | 0.49(0.19–1.31) | .157 | ||
Lesion type | ||||||
Solid nodules | 67(83.8) | 51(63.8) | 1 (reference) | |||
Part-solid nodules | 3(3.8) | 19(23.8) | 4.38(1.15–16.73) | .031 | 2.17(0.34–13.74) | .412 |
Non-solid nodules | 10(12.5) | 10(12.5) | 2.50(1.07–5.83) | .034 | 9.41(1.93–45.91) | .006 |
Median lesion size at imaging (mm) | 7b(6–9) | 9†(8–12) | 1.42(1.23–1.63) | < .001 | 20.42(2.35–177.79) | .006 |
Location | ||||||
Left upper lobe | 16(20) | 12(15) | 1 (reference) | |||
Left lower lobe | 14(17.5) | 14(17.5) | 1.33(0.47–3.82) | .592 | ||
Right upper lobe | 21(26.3) | 32(40) | 2.03(0.80–5.15) | .135 | ||
Right middle lobe | 7(8.8) | 5(6.3) | 0.95(0.24–3.75) | .944 | ||
Right lower lobe | 20(25) | 17(21.3) | 1.13(0.42–3.05) | .804 | ||
Subpleural | 2(2.5) | 0(0) | 0 | .999 | ||
Imaging finding | ||||||
Spiculation | ||||||
No | 62(77.5) | 14(17.5) | 1 (reference) | |||
yes | 18(22.5) | 66(82.5) | 16.24(7.45–35.41) | < .001 | 3.24(0.93–11.62) | .064 |
Pleural retraction | ||||||
No | 61(76.3) | 43(53.8) | 1 (reference) | |||
yes | 19(23.8) | 37(46.3) | 2.76(1.40–5.44) | .003 | 4.23(1.07–16.74) | .040 |
Vascular convergence | ||||||
No | 59(73.8) | 8(10) | 1 (reference) | |||
yes | 21(26.3) | 72(90) | 25.29(10.45–61.21) | < .001 | 6.64(1.84–23.97) | .004 |
Vacuolar sign | ||||||
No | 70(87.5) | 31(38.8) | 1 (reference) | |||
yes | 10(12.5) | 49(61.3) | 11.07(4.97–24.65) | < .001 | 1.59 (0.39–6.47) | .520 |
Biomarker positivec | ||||||
CEA status | ||||||
Negative | 46(79.3) | 50(84.7) | 1 (reference) | |||
Positive | 12(20.7) | 9(15.3) | 0.69(0.27–1.79) | .445 | ||
NSE status | ||||||
Negative | 42(79.2) | 50(98) | 1 (reference) | |||
Positive | 11(20.8) | 1(2) | 0.12(0.02–0.69) | .018 | 0.19(0.02–1.96) | .162 |
CYFRA21-1 status | ||||||
Negative | 39(72.2) | 34(57.6) | 1 (reference) | |||
Positive | 15(27.8) | 25(42.4) | 1.87(0.86–4.06) | .116 | ||
SCC status | ||||||
Negative | 57(98.3) | 56(94.9) | 1 (reference) | |||
Positive | 1(1.7) | 3(5.1) | 3.05(0.31–30.25) | .340 | ||