Table 2 Characterization of chest computed tomography (CT) scan, echocardiogram, and pulmonary function tests

N, (%)

282 (100)

169 (59.9)

113 (40.1)

Pleural effusions, N (%)

159(56.4)

73(43.2)

86(76.1)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Unilateral, N (%)

42(14.9)

21(12.4)

21(18.6)

 Bilateral, N (%)

117(41.5)

52(30.8)

65(57.5)

Mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy, N (%)

177(62.8)

99(58.6)

78(69)

0.075

0.066

Pleural thickening, N (%)

131(46.5)

80(47.3)

51(45.1)

0.716

0.753

Bone lesions of ribs or thoracic vertebra, N (%)

77(27.3)

53(31.4)

24(21.2)

0.062

0.086

Interstitial lung disease, N (%)

22(7.8)

12(7.1)

10(8.8)

0.592

0.775

Pulmonary hypertension, N (%)

100(35.5)

36(21.3)

64(56.6)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Mild, N (%)

58(20.6)

22(13)

36(31.9)

 Moderate, N (%)

31(11)

10(5.9)

21(18.6)

 Sever, N (%)

11(3.9)

4(2.4)

7(6.2)

Heart enlargement, N (%)

114(40.4)

60(35.5)

54(47.8)

0.039

0.107

Pericardial effusions, N (%)

210(74.5)

108(63.9)

102(90.3)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Systolic dysfunction, N (%)

7(2.5)

3(1.8)

4(3.5)

0.587

0.441

Diastolic dysfunction, N (%)

108(38.3)

64(37.9)

44(38.9)

0.856

0.965

PFT

 FEV1, L

2.41 ± 0.77

2.65 ± 0.66

1.92 ± 0.77

< 0.001

< 0.001

 FEV1% of predicted

83.25 ± 19.61

90.6 ± 17.38

69.71 ± 16.09

< 0.001

< 0.001

 FVC, L

3.04 ± 0.9

3.29 ± 0.82

2.5 ± 0.83

< 0.001

< 0.001

 FVC% of predicted

84.01 ± 21.3

90.68 ± 20.05

70.91 ± 17.47

< 0.001

< 0.001

 DLCO% of predicted

64.69 ± 21.94

71.51 ± 20.3

50.33 ± 18.22

< 0.001

< 0.001

 TLC% of predicted

82.07 ± 13.79

85.65 ± 11.74

74.52 ± 14.94

< 0.001

0.001

 Diffuse dysfunction, N (%)

115(85.2)

75(82.4)

40(90.9)

0.193

0.149

 Restrictive dysfunction, N (%)

64(47.4)

34(37.4)

30(68.2)

0.001

0.001

 Obstructive dysfunction, N (%)

13(16.9)

9(9.9)

14(31.1)

0.002

0.002