Table 1 Patients’ baseline characteristics
Variable | Frequency | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Males | 425 | 60.3% |
Mean age (Standard deviation (SD)) years | 65.4 (25.3) years | |
Mean Body Mass Index (BMI) (Standard deviation (SD)) kg/cm2 | 29.2 (6.8) kg/cm2 | |
Smoking status | ||
Non-smoker | 182 | 25.8% |
Ex-smoker | 258 | 36.5% |
Current smoker | 265 | 37.5% |
Long-Term Home Care Service | ||
Yes | 55 | 7.8% |
Mean FEV1 | 62.9 (17.3) | |
Mean FEV1/FVC ratio | 57.5 (10.3) | |
Comorbidities | ||
Diabetes mellitus | 288 | 40.9% |
Hypertension | 287 | 40.7% |
Gastroesophageal diseases (GERD) | 186 | 26.4% |
Ischemic heart disease | 135 | 19.1% |
OSAS | 92 | 13.0% |
Heart failure | 65 | 9.2% |
Chronic kidney disease | 40 | 5.7% |
Stroke | 38 | 5.4% |
Connective tissue diseases | 23 | 3.3% |
Tumour or malignancy | 21 | 2.9% |
Hemiplegia | 16 | 2.3% |
Peripheral vascular diseases | 11 | 1.6% |
Dementia | 9 | 1.3% |
Liver disease | 4 | 0.6% |
AIDS/HIV | 2 | 0.3% |
Rheumatological disease | 1 | 0.1% |
Hospital admission due to COPD in the past two years | ||
Yes | 263 | 37.3% |
Number of hospital admissions in the past two years | ||
Zero | 442 | 62.8% |
1 | 147 | 20.9% |
2 | 70 | 9.9% |
3 | 21 | 3.0% |
4 | 10 | 1.4% |
5 | 8 | 1.1% |
6 | 4 | 0.6% |
7 | 2 | 0.3% |
ICU hospital admission due to COPD in the past two years | ||
Yes | 84 | 12.4% |
Number of ICU admissions in the past two years (n = 702) | ||
Zero | 615 | 87.6% |
1 | 66 | 9.4% |
2 | 16 | 2.3% |
3 | 4 | 0.6% |
4 | 1 | 0.1% |
Long-term non-COPD Medications | ||
Antihypertensive | 288 | 40.9% |
Oral antidiabetic agents or insulin | 279 | 39.6% |
Proton pump inhibitors | 190 | 27.0% |
Anti-dyslipidemic | 182 | 25.9% |
Antiplatelets | 151 | 21.4% |
CHF medications | 76 | 10.8% |
Antipsychotic and antidepressants | 54 | 7.7% |
Osteoporosis drugs | 51 | 7.2% |
Anticoagulants | 45 | 6.4% |
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and Anti-histamine (H2 blockers) | 8 | 1.1% |