Table 3 Predictors of COPD hospital admissions

Gender

Females (Reference group)

1.00

Males

1.05 (0.77–1.43)

0.770

Mean age

Below 65 years old

1.00

65 years and over

1.92 (1.41–2.62)

≤ 0.001

Mean Body Mass Index (BMI)

Below 29.2 kg/cm²

1.00

29.2 kg/cm² and over

1.12 (0.82–1.52)

0.489

Smoking status

Non-smoker (Reference group)

1.00

Ex-smoker

0.57 (0.41–0.78)

≤ 0.001

Current smoker

1.60 (1.17–2.19)

0.003

Receive home care

No (Reference group)

1.00

Yes

6.32 (3.32–12.01)

≤ 0.001

Comorbidities

Hypertension

1.98 (1.45–2.71)

≤ 0.001

Diabetes mellitus

1.42 (1.04–1.93)

0.027

Gastroesophageal disease (GERD)

2.81 (1.99–3.96)

≤ 0.001

Ischemic heart disease

3.22 (2.19–4.75)

≤ 0.001

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome

2.14 (1.38–3.33)

≤ 0.001

Heart failure

5.16 (2.93–9.10)

≤ 0.001

Chronic kidney disease

1.75 (0.92–3.31)

0.087

stroke

4.51 (2.20–9.26)

≤ 0.001

Connective tissue diseases

0.46 (0.17–1.25)

0.128

Tumour or malignancy

3.12 (1.03–9.40)

0.044

Hemiplegia

2.22 (0.82–6.02)

0.119

Peripheral vascular diseases

0.63 (0.17–2.40)

0.498