Table 3 Univariate Cox proportional-hazard analysis

Age

1.019

0.988–1.052

0.235

Sex

1.271

0.725–2.227

0.403

BMI

0.921

0.858–0.990

0.025^#

Pack-years

0.998

0.991–1.006

0.611

Acute exacerbation of ILD^a

6.094

2.205–16.840

 < 0.001^*

Cancer other than lung cancer

0.367

0.116–1.164

0.089

Hypertension

1.013

0.645–1.591

0.956

Hyperlipidemia

1.748

1.068–2.862

0.026^#

Diabetes

0.827

0.489–1.398

0.478

Heart diseases

1.391

0.767–2.522

0.277

Arrhythmia

1.335

0.486–3.668

0.575

Pulmonary hypertension

0.287

0.040–2.070

0.216

Cerebrovascular diseases

1.008

0.406–2.502

0.986

Gastroesophageal reflux

0.886

0.385–2.037

0.775

Chronic renal diseases

1.587

0.792–3.177

0.193

Bronchial asthma

0.545

0.172–1.729

0.303

VC

0.453

0.339–0.606

 < 0.001^*

%VC

0.972

0.964–0.981

 < 0.001^*

FVC

0.446

0.330–0.601

 < 0.001^*

%FVC

0.974

0.965–0.982

 < 0.001^*

FEV1

0.456

0.307–0.678

 < 0.001^*

FEV1/FVC

1.089

1.055–1.123

 < 0.001^*

DLCO

0.837

0.779–0.899

 < 0.001^*

%DLCO

0.962

0.947–0.977

 < 0.001^*

R5 Whole breath

0.954

0.753–1.208

0.694

R5 Ex

0.940

0.775–1.141

0.534

R5 In

0.940

0.710–1.243

0.663

ΔR5

0.893

0.640–1.245

0.504

R20 Whole breath

0.803

0.564–1.142

0.222

R20 Ex

0.799

0.584–1.092

0.158

R20 In

0.759

0.518–1.113

0.159

ΔR20

0.794

0.455–1.386

0.418

R5–R20 Whole breath

1.276

0.822–1.981

0.278

R5–R20 Ex

1.089

0.777–1.527

0.628

R5–R20 In

1.826

0.997–3.343

0.051

ΔR5–R20

0.756

0.413–1.383

0.364

X5 Whole breath

0.458

0.344–0.610

 < 0.001^*

X5 Ex

0.653

0.522–0.817

 < 0.001^*

X5 In

0.322

0.232–0.447

 < 0.001^*

ΔX5

1.523

0.877–2.643

0.135

Fres Whole breath

1.276

1.172–1.390

 < 0.001^*

Fres Ex

1.176

1.097–1.261

 < 0.001^*

Fres In

1.326

1.215–1.447

 < 0.001^*

ΔFres

0.884

0.766–1.019

0.089

ALX Whole breath

1.127

1.078–1.178

 < 0.001^*

ALX Ex

1.061

1.025–1.098

0.001^*

ALX In

1.194

1.137–1.254

 < 0.001^*

ΔALX

0.908

0.821–1.005

0.062