Lung isolation—a personalized and clinically adapted approach to control bronchoscopy-associated acute massive airway hemorrhage

Table 3 Comparison of perioperative adverse events between group Acute and Non-acute

Group	Group Acute (n = 29)	Group Non-acute (n = 194)	P value
Intraoperative hypoxemia, n (%)	29(100) ^*	123(63.4)	0.000
Lowest SpO₂	51.31 ± 28.17^*	87.76 ± 9.46	0.000
Hemorrhagic shock, n (%)	7(24.1) ^*	0(0)	0.000
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, n (%)	7(24.1) ^*	0(0)	0.000
Intraoperative mortality, n (%)	2(6.9) ^*	0(0)	0.016
Transfer to ICU with intubation, n (%)	25(86.2) ^*	35(18.0)	0.000

Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or as numbers and percentages. ^* was statistically significant compared with Group Non-acute
Group Acute: bronchoscope-related acute massive airway hemorrhage group; Group Non-acute: bronchoscope-related non-acute massive airway hemorrhage group
(Figure A). The tip of the endotracheal tube was inserted into the mainstem bronchus on the un-bleeding side, and the cuff is fixed on the carina to prevent the blood on the bleeding side from overflowing
(Figure B) The flexible electronic bronchoscope showed the appearance of left mainstem bronchus, right mainstem bronchus, carina and the upper margin of the cuff at the position of point B in the endotracheal tube
(Figure C) The flexible electronic bronchoscope showed the appearance of left mainstem bronchus, right mainstem bronchus, carina and the inferior margin of the cuff at the position of point C in the endotracheal tube

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