Mendelian randomization analysis suggests no causal influence of gastroesophageal reflux disease on the susceptibility and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Table 2 MR results for the relationship between GRED and IPF in discovery cohort

Method	Number of SNPs	β / HR / OR	P-value
Susceptibility		OR (95% CI)
IVW	75	1.28 (1.02–1.62)	0.036
Weighted median		1.13 (0.83–1.54)	0.442
MR-Egger		4.51 (1.26–16.19)	0.024
Simple mode		0.95 (0.43–2.11)	0.893
Weighted mode		1.04 (0.50–2.16)	0.923
Susceptibility (excluded confounding factors)		OR (95% CI)
IVW	63	1.21 (0.95–1.55)	0.124
Weighted median		1.07 (0.77–1.49)	0.692
MR-Egger		3.87 (1.06–14.13)	0.045
Simple mode		0.90 (0.38–2.09)	0.802
Weighted mode		0.98 (0.46–2.08)	0.962
FVC		β ± SE
IVW	62	26.63 ± 48.23	0.581
Weighted median		0.00 ± 71.77	1.000
MR-Egger		−113.24 ± 296.19	0.704
Simple mode		−30.29 ± 168.74	0.858
Weighted mode		−30.29 ± 173.48	0.862
DLco		β ± SE
IVW	61	0.12 ± 0.12	0.319
Weighted median		0.06 ± 0.16	0.732
MR-Egger		−0.05 ± 0.75	0.948
Simple mode		0.80 ± 0.47	0.095
Weighted mode		−0.25 ± 0.38	0.521
TFS		HR (95% CI)
IVW	60	0.87 (0.56–1.35)	0.533
Weighted median		0.72 (0.39–1.32)	0.286
MR-Egger		5.34 (0.42–67.80)	0.201
Simple mode		0.47 (0.09–2.33)	0.359
Weighted mode		0.47 (0.10–2.21)	0.343

Abbreviations: MR Mendelian randomization, GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease, IPF idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, SNP single nucleotide polymorphism, HR hazard ratio, OR odds ratio, SE standard error, CI confidence intervals, IVW inverse variance weighted, FVC forced vital capacity, DLco diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, TFS transplantation-free survival

ISSN: 1471-2466