Mendelian randomization analysis suggests no causal influence of gastroesophageal reflux disease on the susceptibility and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Table 3 MR results for the relationship between GRED and IPF in replication cohort

Method	Number of SNPs	β / HR / OR	P-value
Susceptibility		OR (95% CI)
IVW	9	0.62 (0.40–0.97)	0.038
Weighted median		0.61 (0.32–1.14)	0.122
MR-Egger		0.41 (0.14–1.22)	0.154
Simple mode		0.41 (0.15–1.16)	0.131
Weighted mode		0.44 (0.16–1.20)	0.146
FVC		β ± SE
IVW	7	−72.38 ± 92.38	0.433
Weighted median		−68.91 ± 118.20	0.560
MR-Egger		− 144.95 ± 238.50	0.570
Simple mode		−32.10 ± 149.83	0.837
Weighted mode		−74.85 ± 170.92	0.677
DLco		β ± SE
IVW	7	0.30 ± 0.22	0.169
Weighted median		0.56 ± 0.30	0.059
MR-Egger		−0.11 ± 0.61	0.869
Simple mode		0.70 ± 0.47	0.184
Weighted mode		0.68 ± 0.47	0.198
TFS		HR (95% CI)
IVW	7	0.93 (0.44–1.97)	0.855
Weighted median		0.84 (0.33–2.15)	0.721
MR-Egger		0.98 (0.26–3.74)	0.979
Simple mode		1.20 (0.33–4.41)	0.791
Weighted mode		0.76 (0.23–2.50)	0.669

Abbreviations: MR Mendelian randomization, GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease, IPF idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, SNP single nucleotide polymorphism, HR hazard ratio, OR odds ratio, SE standard error, CI confidence intervals, IVW inverse variance weighted, FVC forced vital capacity, DLco diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, TFS transplantation-free survival

ISSN: 1471-2466