Table 4 Bivariate and Multivariate risk factor association with genotypic patterns of M. tuberculosis strain isolates

Age

18–24

145 (26.22)

14(2.53)

131(23.69)

Ref

25–30

183(33.09)

23(4.15)

160(28.93)

0.95

0.35–2.27

0.003**

0.63

0.26–2.32

0.056

31–36

107(19.35)

17(3.07)

90(16.27)

2.13

0.96–6.12

0.81

1.67

0.33–3.23

0.72

37–42

47(8.50)

3(0.54)

44(7.96)

1.93

041–4.61

0.94

0.72

0.21–1.89

0.65

43–48

35(6.32)

3(0.54)

32(5.79)

2.16

0.98–6.78

0.31

1.53

0.43–2.87

1.45

49–54

18(3.25)

4(0.72)

14(2.53)

1.34

0.35–3.72

0.13

1.21

0.27–2.67

1.20

55–60

1(0.18)

1(0.18)

11(1.99)

0.85

0.23–3.10

0.12

0.45

0.12–2.98

0.35

61+

6(1.08)

0(0.00)

6(1.08)

1.23

0.16–3.81

0.48

0.94

0.43–2.78

0.87

HIV status

Positive

267(48.28)

26(4.70)

241(43.58)

1.73

0.42–5.21

0.04**

1.52

0.29–3.68

0.001**

Negative

286(51.71)

17(3.07)

269(48.64)

Ref

Sex

Female

208(37.61)

13(2.35)

195(35.26)

1.67

0.23–3.02

0.27

1.32

0.23–3.78

0.97

Male

345(62.38)

17(3.07)

326(58.95)

Ref

Education

No formal

144(26.04)

18(3.25)

126(22.78)

2.61

0.87–5.92

0.92

2.21

0.49–3.98

1.34

Primary

243(43.94)

14(2.53)

229(41.41)

Ref

Secondary

127(22.97)

19(3.43)

108(19.52)

2.32

0.61–5.24

0.71

2.13

0.49–3.09

1.98

Tertiary

39(7.05)

4(0.72)

35(6.32)

3.61

1.02–7.31

0.21

3.32

0.67–5.76

2.34

Occupation

Employed

83(15.01)

15(2.71)

68(2.30)

1.67

0.24–3.06

0.36

1.43

0.45–2.97

1.23

Self employed

218(39.42)

15(2.71)

203(36.71)

Ref

Ref

Informal employment

128(23.15)

21(3.80)

107(19.35)

1.52

0.21–2.98

0.54

1.22

0.22–3.21

0.98

Unemployed

103(18.62)

13(2.35)

90(16.27)

1.43

0.19–2.2.61

0.25

1.31

0.57–2.61

1.13

Student

10(1.81)

2(0.36)

8(1.45)

0.98

0.37–3.12

0.46

0.69

0.22–2.22

0.34

Other

11(1.99)

1(0.18)

10(1.80)

1.73

0.31–2.98

0.41

1.57

0.23–2.01

0.87

Monthly income

Less than Ksh. 1000

105(18.98)

10(1.80)

95(17.18)

Ref

Ksh. 1000–9, 999

160(28.93)

11(1.99)

149(26.94)

1.28

0.63–4.00

0.046**

1.19

0.27–3.02

0.52

Ksh. 10, 000–19, 999

174(31.46)

17(3.07)

157(28.75)

1.73

0.58–4.32

0.82

1.53

0.21–2.56

0.98

Ksh. 20,000–29, 999

48(8.68)

4(0.72)

44(7.96)

1.82

0.69–3.92

0.76

1.67

0.36–2.63

1.98

Ksh. 30,000-39,999

34(6.15)

2(0.36)

32(5.79)

1.23

0.42–3.62

0.34

0.98

0.32–3.21

0.71

Ksh. 40,000-49,999

18(3.25)

1(0.18)

17(3.07)

1.68

0.41–4.31

0.36

1.42

0.51–2.21

1.34

Ksh. 50,000 +

14(2.53)

2(0.36)

12(2.17)

1.53

0.29–3.93

0.54

1.37

0.31–2.87

1.43

Size of the house

Single room

122(22.06)

17(3.07)

105(18.99)

1.43

0.46–4.31

0.049**

1.27

0.29–3.02

0.056

Bedsitter

11(1.99)

3(0.54)

8(1.45)

1.83

0.32–3.61

0.71

1.59

0.36–3.42

0.78

One bedroom

207(37.43)

21(3.80)

186(33.63)

Ref

Two bedroom

191(34.54)

18(3.25)

173(31.28)

1.92

0.67–5.42

0.83

1.63

0.41–3.67

0.73

Other

22(3.98)

2(0.36)

20(3.62)

1.86

0.20–5.31

0.47

1.53

0.37–3.45

0.56

Cigarate smocking

Yes

132(23.87)

7(1.26)

125(22.6)

1.81

0.43–4.82

0.41

1.51

0.46–3.32

1.21

No

421(76.13)

14(2.53)

407(73.60)

Ref

Alcohol use

Yes

151(27.31)

16(2.89)

135(24.41)

0.87

0.34–5.34

0.003**

0.59

0.43–3.12

0.001**

No

402(72.69)

11(1.99)

391(70.70)

Ref

Cross boarder travels

Yes

211(38.15)

16(2.89)

195(35.26)

0.93

0.46–3.92

0.002**

0.61

0.49–3.87

0.026**

No

342(61.84)

17(3.07)

325(58.77)

Ref