Table 4 Spirometry parameters (means and SD) for different categories of respiratory impairment

OLD

 Underweight

2.05 ± 0.64

80.75 ± 24.22

3.04 ± 0.79

92.88 ± 18.72

59.20 ± 11.65

75.11 ± 14.31

 Normal

2.59 ± 0.84†

92.28 ± 26.06

3.27 ± 0.98

92.59 ± 24.73

65.30 ± 9.03†

81.99 ± 11.03

 Overweight

2.61 ± 0.77†

90.76 ± 23.27

3.35 ± 1.00

92.60 ± 22.96

66.30 ± 8.11†#

82.99 ± 9.82†

 Obese

2.59 ± 0.72†

91.17 ± 23.42

3.32 ± 0.93

92.61 ± 24.50

67.64 ± 8.02†#

84.43 ± 9.91†

 p value

0.227

0.235

0.95

0.919

< 0.001***

< 0.001***

RLD

 Underweight

2.46 ± 0.70

91.91 ± 24.20

2.27 ± 0.49

66.24 ± 8.35

74.45 ± 13.41

93.55 ± 16.70

 Normal

2.43 ± 0.83

92.06 ± 24.33

2.20 ± 0.60

65.79 ± 12.53

71.64 ± 11.92

90.50 ± 14.99

 Overweight

2.34 ± 0.76

89.81 ± 22.98

2.22 ± 0.55

67.37 ± 10.74

73.30 ± 11.05#

92.37 ± 13.82#

 Obese

2.37 ± 0.72

90.06 ± 22.30

2.25 ± 0.48

68.10 ± 10.50

75.74 ± 9.78#

95.14 ± 12.16#

 p value

0.086

0.731

0.57

0.205

0.12

0.142

MLD

 Underweight

2.42 ± 0.86

94.29 ± 42.21

2.22 ± 0.44

65.94 ± 7.64

59.86 ± 3.69

74.77 ± 5.90

 Normal

2.45 ± 0.99

88.49 ± 30.83

2.13 ± 0.69

60.39 ± 15.39

61.56 ± 11.39

77.71 ± 14.17

 Overweight

2.37 ± 0.90

86.52 ± 29.76

2.20 ± 0.59

62.92 ± 12.84

62.05 ± 9.48

78.30 ± 11.80

 Obese

2.57 ± 0.94

95.48 ± 32.17

2.24 ± 0.56

66.00 ± 12.87

64.25 ± 10.95

80.48 ± 13.76

 p value

0.474

0.263

0.848

0.226

0.784

0.804

COPD

 Underweight

1.79 ± 0.52

69.00 ± 17.20

2.89 ± 0.90

87.16 ± 23.85

58.16 ± 15.52

73.97 ± 19.27

 Normal

2.48 ± 0.84†

90.59 ± 28.34†

3.22 ± 0.91

92.59 ± 23.25

64.46 ± 10.75

81.45 ± 13.61

 Overweight

2.24 ± 0.69†#

80.95 ± 23.92#

3.23 ± 0.92

91.36 ± 21.51

63.04 ± 9.72

79.46 ± 12.28

 Obese

2.52 ± 0.91†

87.47 ± 29.39

3.34 ± 0.88

92.09 ± 19.96

65.10 ± 11.21

81.66 ± 14.24

 p value

< 0.001***

< 0.001***

0.849

0.881

0.004**

0.006**

COPD mild

 Underweight

2.16 ± 0.26

84.33 ± 5.82

2.80 ± 1.25

82.89 ± 33.60

68.55 ± 13.99

87.73 ± 16.82

 Normal

2.86 ± 0.68†

104.59 ± 20.95

3.39 ± 0.88

97.67 ± 22.70

68.91 ± 7.35

87.13 ± 9.26

 Overweight

2.61 ± 0.53

95.98 ± 16.37#

3.40 ± 0.93

98.01 ± 21.83

67.41 ± 6.21

85.08 ± 7.86

 Obese

3.02 ± 0.76†

104.82 ± 23.28

3.61 ± 0.80†

99.48 ± 17.16

69.19 ± 7.73

86.65 ± 10.23

 p value

0.007**

0.014*

0.61

0.498

0.378

0.417

COPD moderate/severe/very severe

 Underweight

1.49 ± 0.49

56.74 ± 11.97

2.97 ± 0.65

90.58 ± 16.06

49.85 ± 11.86

62.95 ± 13.77

 Normal

1.65 ± 0.50

59.66 ± 14.70

2.85 ± 0.86

81.35 ± 20.47

54.63 ± 10.57

68.88 ± 13.30

 Overweight

1.75 ± 0.57

60.92 ± 16.57

3.00 ± 0.85

82.49 ± 17.67

57.22 ± 10.52#

71.97 ± 13.15#

 Obese

1.81 ± 0.60

62.89 ± 16.91

2.96 ± 0.88

81.63 ± 19.56

59.32 ± 13.06†#

74.58 ± 16.45#

 p value

0.812

0.735

0.768

0.605

0.045*

0.029*