Table 3 Summary of socio-cultural risk factors estimates synthesized from Tuberculosis related included studies
From: Tuberculosis in Sudan: systematic review and meta analysis
Risk | Assessed in (State) | Assessed among | Total sample size | References | Pooled OR [95% CI] | Test for overall effect (z score) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male gender | Kassala, Khartoum & River Nile | TB & HIV/AIDS patients | 1525 | Abdallah, 2012 Ahmed, 2021 Awadalla, 2015 El-Muttalut & Elnimeiri, 2017 Saeed, 2021 | 1.81 [1.46, 2.24] | 5.45 (P < 0.00001) |
Female gender | Kassala, Khartoum & River Nile | TB & HIV/AIDS patients | 822 | Abdallah, 2012 Ahmed, 2021 Awadalla, 2015 El-Muttalut & Elnimeiri, 2017 Saeed, 2021 | 0.55 [0.42, 0.72] | 4.33 (P < 0.0001) |
Secondary education and below | Kassala & River Nile | Suspected TB, HIV/AIDS patients & TB patients | 1643 | Abdallah, 2012 Ali, 2012 Awadalla, 2015 El-Muttalut & Elnimeiri, 2017 Saeed, 2021 | 0.66 [0.01, 32.48] | 0.21 (P = 0.84) |
Education above secondary | Kassala & River Nile | Suspected TB, HIV/AIDS patients & TB patients | 638 | Abdallah, 2012 Awadalla, 2015 El-Muttalut & Elnimeiri, 2017 Saeed, 2021 | 0.00 [0.00, 2519.91] | 0.85 (P = 0.40) |
Single | Kassala and River Nile | TB & HIV/AIDS patients | 340 | Ahmed, 2021 Awadalla, 2015 El-Muttalut & Elnimeiri, 2017 Saeed, 2021 | 1.33 [0.34, 5.29] | 0.41 (P = 0.68) |
Married | Kassala and River Nile | TB & HIV/AIDS patients | 660 | Ahmed, 2021 Awadalla, 2015 El-Muttalut & Elnimeiri, 2017 Saeed, 2021 | 0.75 [0.14, 4.09] | 0.34 (P = 0.74) |
Urban residence | Kassala, River Nile, Khartoum & Gezira | TB patients | 812 | Abdallah, 2012 Ahmed, 2021 El-Muttalut & Elnimeiri, 2017 Saeed, 2021 | 0.66 [0.34, 1.26] | 1.27 (P = 0.20) |
Rural residence | Kassala, River Nile, Khartoum & Gezira | TB patients | 1338 | Abdallah, 2012 Ahmed, 2021 Ali, 2012 El-Muttalut & Elnimeiri, 2017 Saeed, 2021 | 1.82 [1.01, 3.27] | 2.01 (P = 0.04) |
Good knowledge about TB | Kassala & River Nile | TB patients | 100 | Ahmed, 2021 Saeed, 2021 | 1.15 [0.66, 1.98] | 0.49 (P = 0.62) |
Poor knowledge about TB | Kassala & River Nile | TB patients | 363 | Ahmed, 2021 Saeed, 2021 | 0.85 [0.49, 1.48] | 0.57 (P = 0.57) |
Illiteracy | Kassala | TB patients | 159 | Ahmed, 2021 | ||
Education below secondary | Kassala | TB patients | 239 | Abdelhadi, 2015 | ||
Secondary education and above | Kassala | TB patients | 62 | Abdelhadi, 2015 | ||
Not working | River Nile | TB patients | 37 | Saeed, 2021 | ||
TB treatment Default | ||||||
Male gender | Kassala, Khartoum & Gezira | TB patients | 857 | Abdelhadi, 2015 Ali, 2016 Ismail, 2016 | 1.00 [0.69, 1.46] | 0.03 (P = 0.98) |
Female gender | Kassala, Khartoum & Gezira | TB patients | 466 | Abdelhadi, 2015 Ali, 2016 Ismail, 2016 | 1.40 [0.50, 3.94] | 0.63 (P = 0.53) |