Table 1 Comparative Characteristics of study participants of COPD patients versus control subjects

Age (Year)

57.07 ± 12.47

55.05 ± 12.34

0.197

Gender (Male)

89.3

89.3

0.999

Marital Status

90.5

87.6

0.030

University Education

6

9.1

0.362

Employment status

21.4

12.9

< 0.0001

BMI

25.6 ± 4.8

25.9 ± 3.8

0.550

Physical activity (MET/week)

5285 ± 8097

11,759 ± 6307

< 0.0001

History of pulmonary disease

39.3

19.8

0.006

Habitat Air Pollution

< 0.0001

Urban

41.7

78

Rural

41.7

13.9

Industrial

16.7

8.1

Hookah use

100

39.5

< 0.0001

Cigarette smoking

< 0.0001

Current smoker

57.1

44.8

Former smoker

0.0

22.0

Never smoker

31.0

7.8

Smoke exposure

16.7

12.3

0.431

FEV1

55.2 ± 18.6

95.0 ± 12.5

< 0.0001

FVC

71.2 ± 17.9

92.6 ± 13.3

< 0.0001

FEV1/FVC

62.7 ± 9.3

82.5 ± 6.1

< 0.0001