From: Exploring the association between ultra-processed foods and COPD: a case-control study
 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (Year) | 62.27 ± 11.43 | 58.35 ± 12.09 | 54.10 ± 11.67 | 51.87 ± 11.21 | 54.88 ± 13.47 | < 0.0001 |
Sex (Male) (%) | 84.6 | 94.5 | 95.7 | 87.8 | 83.9 | 0.098 |
Married (%) | 88.5 | 94.5 | 87 | 88.7 | 83.9 | 0.279 |
University Education (%) | 5.8 | 5.5 | 10.1 | 8.2 | 11.3 | 0.726 |
Employment status (%) | 13.5 | 9.1 | 20.3 | 14.3 | 11.3 | 0.003 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 25.63 ± 3.95 | 26.25 ± 3.47 | 25.81 ± 3.72 | 25.55 ± 4.17 | 26.19 ± 5.08 | 0.810 |
Physical activity (MET/Min/week) | 8240.47± 9345.92 | 8888.82± 8421.10 | 10110.72± 7123.09 | 9794.94± 5720.93 | 9229.57± 7643.63 | 0.657 |
History of pulmonary disease (%) | 28.1 | 26.7 | 19.4 | 37.8 | 34.3 | 0.511 |
Air pollution in habitat (%) | Â | 0.002 | ||||
Urban | 44.2 | 50.9 | 65.2 | 78.6 | 58.1 | |
Rural | 26.9 | 23.6 | 24.6 | 12.2 | 16.1 | |
Industrial | 9.6 | 12.7 | 4.3 | 6.1 | 14.5 | |
Hookah use (%) | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 0.103 |
Cigarette smoking (%) |  | < 0.0001 | ||||
Current smoker | 34.6 | 43.6 | 42 | 53.1 | 46.8 | |
Former smoker | 7.7 | 7.3 | 27.5 | 20.4 | 6.5 | |
Never smoker | 46.2 | 40 | 29 | 25.5 | 35.5 | |
Smoke exposure (%) | 23.7 | 5.1 | 8.3 | 11.1 | 7.1 | 0.052 |
FEV1 | 70.74 ± 27.85 | 74.00 ± 29.05 | 78.41 ± 23.32 | 74.24 ± 24.27 | 75.20 ± 24.06 | 0.844 |
FVC | 80.64 ± 18.65 | 82.26 ± 21.35 | 84.67 ± 19.78 | 80.89 ± 18.85 | 79.94 ± 17.92 | 0.882 |
FEV1/FVC | 69.06 ± 16.11 | 70.64 ± 13.05 | 73.03 ± 8.06 | 74.26 ± 12.97 | 73.79 ± 11.82 | 0.409 |