Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics overall and by nintedanib adherence trajectory
| Â | High adherence | Moderate adherence | High-then-poor adherence | Delayed-poor adherence | Early-poor adherence | Total | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | 781 (43.4) | 202 (11.2) | 190 (10.6) | 255 (14.2) | 370 (20.6) | 1,798Â (100.0) | Â |
Demographic characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age (yrs), mean (sd) | 74.7 (5.4) | 75.2 (5.4) | 75.9 (5.6) | 76.3 (5.6) | 76.2 (5.6) | 75.4 (5.5) | < 0.001 |
Age group, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 66–74 | 402 (51.5) | 99 (49.0) | 80 (42.1) | 101 (39.6) | 148 (40.0) | 830 (46.2) |  |
 75–84 | 344 (44.0) | 90 (44.6) | 93 (48.9) | 139 (54.5) | 188 (50.8) | 854 (47.5) |  |
 85+ | 35 (4.5) | 13 (6.4) | 17 (8.9) | 15 (5.9) | 34 (9.2) | 114 (6.3) |  |
Female, n (%) | 251 (32.1) | 89 (44.1) | 66 (34.7) | 117 (45.9) | 177 (47.8) | 700 (38.9) | < 0.001 |
Race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic White, n (%) | 63 (8.1) | 19 (9.4) | 19 (10.0) | 18 (7.1) | 41 (11.1) | 160 (8.9) | 0.37 |
Index year, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.74 |
 2014 or 2015 | 244 (31.2) | 68 (33.7) | 51 (26.8) | 78 (30.6) | 118 (31.9) | 559 (31.1) |  |
 2016 | 181 (23.2) | 47 (23.3) | 40 (21.1) | 62 (24.3) | 93 (25.1) | 423 (23.5) |  |
 2017 | 176 (22.5) | 45 (22.3) | 45 (23.7) | 60 (23.5) | 89 (24.1) | 415 (23.1) |  |
 2018 | 180 (23.0) | 42 (20.8) | 54 (28.4) | 55 (21.6) | 70 (18.9) | 401 (22.3) |  |
Census region, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.37 |
 Northeast | 104 (13.3) | 31 (15.3) | 27 (14.2) | 48 (18.8) | 46 (12.4) | 256 (14.2) |  |
 Midwest | 172 (22.0) | 46 (22.8) | 51 (26.8) | 55 (21.6) | 92 (24.9) | 416 (23.1) |  |
 South + PR | 344 (44.0) | 84 (41.6) | 79 (41.6) | 113 (44.3) | 171 (46.2) | 791 (44.0) |  |
 West | 161 (20.6) | 41 (20.3) | 33 (17.4) | 39 (15.3) | 61 (16.5) | 335 (18.6) |  |
Social Deprivation Index, mean (sd) | 40.9 (26.0) | 38.3 (25.5) | 38.6 (26.4) | 39.3 (25.9) | 40.0 (25.9) | 39.9 (26.0) | 0.64 |
Comorbid conditions | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Gagne comorbidity count, mean (sd) | 3.8 (2.2) | 3.8 (2.2) | 3.8 (2.2) | 4.0 (2.2) | 4.1 (2.3) | 3.9 (2.2) | 0.15 |
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, n (%) | 398 (51.0) | 104 (51.5) | 97 (51.1) | 125 (49.0) | 199 (53.8) | 923 (51.3) | 0.83 |
Hypoxia, n (%) | 234 (30.0) | 57 (28.2) | 63 (33.2) | 83 (32.5) | 100 (27.0) | 537 (29.9) | 0.47 |
Pulmonary hypertension, n (%) | 156 (20.0) | 36 (17.8) | 39 (20.5) | 48 (18.8) | 77 (20.8) | 356 (19.8) | 0.92 |
Sleep apnea, n (%) | 243 (31.1) | 52 (25.7) | 57 (30.0) | 62 (24.3) | 115 (31.1) | 529 (29.4) | 0.19 |
IPF-related services | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
High-res CT scan, n (%) | 597 (76.4) | 157 (77.7) | 144 (75.8) | 200 (78.4) | 280 (75.7) | 1,378 (76.6) | 0.93 |
Lung biopsy, n (%) | 134 (17.2) | 37 (18.3) | 26 (13.7) | 35 (13.7) | 64 (17.3) | 296 (16.5) | 0.49 |
Oxygen therapy or supplemental oxygen, n (%) | 128 (16.4) | 28 (13.9) | 32 (16.8) | 45 (17.6) | 69 (18.6) | 302 (16.8) | 0.67 |
Index nintedanib prescriber was pulmonologist, n (%) | 584 (74.8) | 150 (74.3) | 140 (73.7) | 188 (73.7) | 275 (74.3) | 1,337 (74.4) | 0.98 |
Healthcare use and spending | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Any all-cause emergency department event, n (%) | 293 (37.5) | 77 (38.1) | 82 (43.2) | 105 (41.2) | 172 (46.5) | 729 (40.5) | 0.050 |
Any all-cause inpatient hospital event, n (%) | 269 (34.4) | 61 (30.2) | 60 (31.6) | 71 (27.8) | 136 (36.8) | 597 (33.2) | 0.14 |
Total all-cause prescription drug spending ($), mean (sd) | 3,648 (10,894) | 3,025 (4,697) | 2,881 (4,055) | 3,688 (7,997) | 3,775 (9,190) | 3,529 (9,066) | 0.72 |
Total all-cause medical spending ($), mean (sd) | 17,527 (23,178) | 16,180 (18,584) | 15,925 (15,772) | 15,564 (16,360) | 17,479 (17,881) | 16,918 (20,053) | 0.57 |