Table 4 Bivariable analysis of factors associated with COPD among study participants
Variable | Chronic obstructive airway disease | COR (95% C.I) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | No (%) | Yes (%) | Â | Â |
Age groups | ||||
 < 50 years | 53(39.3) | 2(4.4) | 0.04(0.01–0.18) | 0.000 |
 50 to 59 years | 23(17.0) | 7(15.6) | 0.32(0.11–0.88) | 0.028 |
 60 to 69 years | 35(25.9) | 13(18.9) | 0.39(0.17–0.91) | 0.030 |
 ≥ 70 Years | 24(17.8) | 23(51.1) | 1 |  |
Sex | ||||
 Female | 108(80.0) | 31(68.9) | 1 |  |
 Male | 27(20.0) | 14(31.1) | 0.55(0.26–1.18) | 0.124 |
Level of education | ||||
 Nonformal | 35(25.9) | 18(40.0) | 5.14(0.61–43.40) | 0.132 |
 Primary | 72(53.3) | 24(53.3) | 3.33(0.41–27.41) | 0.263 |
 Secondary | 18(13.3) | 2(4.4) | 1.11(0.09–13.84) | 0.935 |
 Tertiary | 10(7.4) | 1(2.2) | 1 |  |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | ||||
 Undernourished | 7(5.2) | 4(8.9) |  |  |
 Normal | 50(37.0) | 20(44.4) | 0.7(0.18–2.66) 0.600 |  |
 Overweight/obese | 78(57.8) | 21(46.7) | 0.47(0.13–1.76) | 0.264 |
Biomass burning | ||||
 Charcoal | 14(10.4) | 3(6.7) | 1 |  |
 Kerosene | 1(0.7) | 3(6.7) | 14.0(1.06–185.50) | 0.045 |
 Firewood | 120(88.9) | 39(86.7) | 1.52(0.41–5.56) | 0.529 |
Housing ventilation | ||||
 Poor | 41(30.4) | 16(35.6) | 1 |  |
 Good | 94(69.6) | 29(64.4) | 0.79(0.39–1.61) | 0.52 |
History of smoking tobacco | ||||
 Yes | 25(18.5) | 19(42.2) | 1 |  |
 No | 110(81.5) | 26(57.8) | 0.03(0.15–0.65) | 0.001 |
Productive cough | ||||
 Yes | 41(30.4) | 18(40.0) | 1 |  |
 No | 94(69.6) | 27(60.0) | 0.65(0.33–1.32) | 0.233 |
Wheezing | ||||
 Yes | 34(25.2) | 15(33.3) | 1 |  |
 No | 101(74.8) | 30(66.7) | 0.67(0.32–1.40) | 0.288 |