Table 3 Univariate and multivariate associations of the number of AECOPD during the preceding year

Age

1.015

0.998–1.033

0.087

1.017

0.996–1.038

0.111

Gender

1.354

0.932–1.966

0.112

0.734

0.413–1.304

0.291

BMI

0.994

0.951–1.039

0.783

1.028

0.979–1.08

0.273

Smoking status

 Former smoker vs. never smoked

1.12

0.674–1.860

0.661

1.447

0.743–2.818

0.277

 Current smoker vs. never smoked

1.932

1.287–2.901

0.001

2.392

1.237–4.627

0.031

 Smoking history (pack-yr)

0.995

0.986–1.004

0.24

0.994

0.985–1.003

0.198

 COPD stage (per increase to next stage)

0.999

0.822–1.213

0.991

0.936

0.745–1.177

0.573

 Pectoralis major area

0.967

0.923–1.013

0.162

0.936

0.879–0.996

0.037

 Musculus serratus anterior area

1.017

1.005–1.029

0.005

1.018

0.998–1.038

0.086

 Intercostal muscle area

1.023

0.996–1.051

0.095

1.009

0.961–1.059

0.732