Table 3 Median and 25% 75% interquartile range of changes in exercise capacity, dyspnea, fatigue, participation, lung function, and health-related quality of life, and participation
From: Virtual pulmonary rehabilitation approaches in patients with post COVID syndrome: a pilot study
|  |  | ΔPRVC (n = 8) | 95%CI | ΔPRSD (n = 6) | 95%CI | p* | Cohen’s r |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lung function (%pred) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 FVC |  | 0.40 [-4.17–10.80] | -13.80–39.13 | -5.20 [-25.25– -0.60] | -25.70–2.10 | 0.171 | 0.37 |
 FEV1 |  | -3.40 [-5.47–5.27] | -7.00–31.20 | -1.98 [-14.40–1.50] | -24.90–4.00 | 0.833 | 0.07 |
 FEV1/FVC |  | -4.90 [-7.30– -1.15] | -7.50–7.90 | 0.90 [-0.10–12.81] | -2.60–21.11 | 0.030 | 0.58 |
 PEF |  | -1.00 [-15.50–7.00] | -33.90–20.30 | 9.10 [7.10–20.30] | 5.10–25.50 | 0.065 | 0.50 |
Dyspnea |  | 0.00 [-1.00–0.50] | -2.00–0.50 | 0.00 [-0.50–0.12] | -0.75–0.50 | 0.947 | 0.01 |
FSS total score |  | -0.50 [-3.75–0.00] | -8.00–1.00 | 1.50 [-7.25–3.50] | -29.00–4.00 | 0.146 | 0.04 |
FSSVAS |  | 0.00 [-1.37–1.50] | -3.00–5.00 | 0.00 [-0.75–1.25] | -3.00–2.00 | 0.736 | 0.12 |
Sit-to-stand capacity |  | 3.00 [-0.50–6.75] | -3.00–12.00 | -3.50 [-5.50– -1.00] | -7.00–2.00 | 0.012 | 0.67 |
EQ-5D-5 L index |  | 0.04 [-0.07–0.11] | -0.12–0.30 | -0.05 [-0.28–0.08] | -0.28–0.08 | 0.490 | 0.20 |
COPM-P |  | 0.77 [-1.71–3.13] | -2.00–5.40 | 2.30 [1.30–3.00] | 1.00–3.20 | 0.196 | 0.34 |
COPM-S |  | 1.25 [-2.72–2.76] | -4.50–6.50 | 1.70 [-0.75–3.62] | -1.40–3.80 | 0.300 | 0.27 |
DSQ-SF | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Fatigue/extreme tiredeness |  | 0.00 [-12.50–0.00] | -25.00–12.50 | 12.25 [0.00–12.50] | 0.00–12.50 | 0.027 | 0.58 |
 Next day soreness or fatigue |  | -6.25 [-21.87–0.00] | -25.00–0.00 | -12.25 [-21.87–28.12] | -50.00–37.50 | 0.789 | 0.07 |
 Tiredness after minimum exercise |  | -6.25 [-21.87–0.00] | -37.50–0.00 | 12.50 [-28.12–6.25] | -37.50–25.00 | 0.232 | 0.31 |
 Feeling unrefreshed in the morning |  | -12.25 [-21.87–9.37] | -25.00–25.00 | -6.25 [-18.75–18.75] | -37.50–37.50 | 0.691 | 0.10 |
 Muscle pain or aching |  | 12.25 [-25.00–12.50] | -25.00–37.50 | 6.25 [0.00–28.12] | 0.00–37.50 | 0.548 | 0.16 |
 Bloating |  | 0.00 [-9.37–21.87] | -50.00–25.00 | 6.25 [-25.00–40.62] | -25.00–50.00 | 0.694 | 0.10 |
 Problems remembering things |  | 0.00 [-25.00–0.00] | -25.00–12.50 | 6.25 [0.00–15.62] | 0.00–25.00 | 0.051 | 0.52 |
 Difficulty paying attention |  | 0.00 [-12.50–0.00] | -50.00–12.50 | 6.25 [0.00–31.25] | 0.00–50.00 | 0.045 | 0.53 |
 Irritable bowel problems |  | 0.00 [-9.37–0.00] | -50.00–25.00 | 0.00 [-3.12–31.25] | -12.50–50.00 | 0.351 | 0.25 |
 Feeling unsteady like you might fall |  | 0.00 [-21.87–18.75] | -37.50–25.00 | 0.00 [0.00–12.50] | 0.00–12.50 | 0.407 | 0.22 |
 Cold limbs |  | 0.00 [-9.37–31.25] | -25.00–50.00 | 0.00 [-15.62–21.87] | -25.00–50.00 | 0.791 | 0.07 |
 Feeling hot or cold for no reason |  | 0.00 [-18.75–0.00] | -37.50–0.00 | 6.25 [0.00–15.62] | 0.00–25.00 | 0.024 | 0.60 |
 Flue-like symptoms |  | 0.00 [0.00–9.37] | 0.00–25.00 | 0.00 [-3.12–31.25] | -12.50–50.00 | 0.940 | 0.02 |
 Smells, foods, medications, or  chemicals make you feel sick |  | 0.00 [0.00–0.00] | -25.00–12.50 | 0.00 [0.00–18.75] | 0.00–37.50 | 0.224 | 0.32 |