Table 2 Demographic, imaging, resting pulmonary function and cardiopulmonary exercise test measurements in patients with or without CI

Sex, female, n (%)

7 (28.0)

3 (12.5)

0.289

Age, years

63 ± 10

62 ± 9

0.436

Weight, kg

66.0 (60.0–76.5)

66.1 (62.2–77.0)

0.689

BMI, kg/m²

24.3 (21.9–27.0)

23.7 (21.6–26.3)

0.575

History of smoking, n (%)

14 (56.0)

16 (66.7)

0.444

History of hypertension or diabetes, n (%)

10 (40.0)

6 (25.0)

0.263

mMRC

1 (0–1)

1 (0–1)

0.530

CAT

10 (6–13)

11 (5–16)

0.679

Postbronchodilator pulmonary function

FEV₁, %pred

83.1 ± 16.1

80.7 ± 20.9

0.655

GOLD grade, GOLD 1, n (%)

14 (56.0%)

12 (50.0%)

0.674

FEV₁/FVC, %

62.8 (58.3–67.0)

61.1 (54.6–66.8)

0.484

Prebronchodilator pulmonary function

D_LCO, %pred

90.9 ± 18.1

74.4 ± 20.7

16.5 (5.3–27.6)

0.005

IC, %pred

105.8 ± 20.3

94.7 ± 19.1

11.0 (-0.3–22.4)

0.056

RV, %TLC

42.8 ± 6.4

41.2 ± 8.2

0.464

Imaging

Lung volume, ml

5168.7 ± 1163.2

5503.4 ± 1062.8

0.299

LAA₉₅₀, % the whole lung

8.4 (5.0–14.6)

11.2 (6.6–20.6)

0.368

VV, % the whole lung

3.7 ± 0.8

3.4 ± 0.7

0.40 (-0.03–0.82)

0.07

Peak cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters (unless otherwise stated)

VO_2peak, %pred

76.3 ± 13.6

93.2 ± 15.7

16.9 (8.5–25.4)

< 0.001

VO₂ at AT, %pred

47.2 ± 11.5

54.5 ± 8.8

7.3 (1.4–13.2)

0.016

RER

1.2 ± 0.1

1.2 ± 0.1

0.224

O₂ pulse, %pred

92.3 ± 18.1

93.3 ± 19.0

0.706

Rest HR, bpm

85 ± 13

87 ± 14

0.438

Peak HR, bpm

146 ± 16

157 ± 13

21.7 (15.0–28.3)

< 0.001

HRR at 1 min, bpm

129 ± 16

137 ± 15

16.4 (8.3–24.5)

< 0.001

CR

1.02 ± 0.17

0.69 ± 0.07

0.33 (0.25–0.41)

< 0.001

BR, %

12.8 (7.2–31.0)

12.6 (7.6–27.7)

0.889

Nadir VE/VCO₂

28.4 (27.3–30.8)

31.5 (28.3–36.0)

-4.0 (-6.9– -1.1)

0.014