Table 1 Case–control studies evaluating the role of mycobacteria in sarcoidosis

Bocart, 1992 [23]

France

PCR of 65 kDa mycobacterial antigen and IS6110

2/22

MTBC

0/22

-

5.49 (0.25–121.18)

Hofland, 2014 [20]

Netherlands

NAAT for Mycobacteria and Culture

0/32

-

2/86

1 MTBC, 1NTM

0.52 (0.02–11.13)

Robinson, 2013 [24]

USA

PCR for 16S rDNA, hsp65 and rpoB

2/30

NTM

1/30

NTM

2.07 (0.18–24.15)

Oswald-Richter, 2012 [25]

USA

MALDI-IMS for ESAT-6

5/15

Mycobacterium spp

0/4

-

4.71 (0.21–104.49)

Svendsen, 2011 [26]

Denmark

BD ProbeTec IS6110 amplification

1/52

MTBC

0/50

-

2.94 (0.12–73.93)

Mootha, 2010 [27]

India

PCR of 65 kDa mycobacterial antigen and IS6110

13/27

10 MTBC, 3 NTM

2/40

NTM

17.64 (3.53–88.25)

Zhou, 2008 [28]

China

Real-time PCR of IS986 and human β-blobin gene

20/104

MTBC

7/55

MTBC

1.63 (0.64–4.14)

Dubaniewicz, 2006 [29]

Poland

BD ProbeTec IS6110 amplification

3/50

MTBC

0/10

-

1.55 (0.07–32.27)

Fite, 2006 [30]

Spain

PCR of IS6110 and Southern blot hybridisation

9/23

MTBC

1/23

MTBC

14.14 (1.61–124.11)

Yasuhara, 2005 [31]

Japan

PCR of IS6110

0/6

-

0/6

-

-

Song, 2005 [32]

USA

PCR of MTB 16S rRNA

6/16

MTBC

0/16

-

20.43 (1.04–401.67)

Marcoval, 2005 [33]

Spain

NAAT for rRNA of MTBC

0/35

-

0/39

_

-

Yu-Yun Lee, 2002 [34]

Taiwan

Nested PCR for mycobacterial hsp65 DNA

7/21

NTM

0/16

-

17.07 (0.89–325.59)

Drake, 2002 [21]

USA

PCR of 16S rRNA, rpoB and IS6110

15/25

11 MTBC, 3 NTM, 1 both

0/25

_

75.29 (4.12–1377.06)

Gazouli, 2002 [22]

Greece

PCR of IS6110/IS1245/IS900/IS901, 16S rRNA, MPB64 and mtp40

33/46

MTBC

0/20

-

101.74 (5.74–1804.62)

Eish, 2002 [35]

Japan

PCR of IS6110/IS900

5/108

MTBC

2/86

MTBC

2.04 (0.39–10.78)

Klemen, 2000 [36]

Austria

PCR of IS6110 and mycobacterial chaperonin

3/4

NTM

0/39

_

184.33 (6.26–5425.48)

Li, 1999 [37]

USA

PCR of 65 kDa mycobacterialantigen and RFLP analysis

16/20

2 MTBC, 14 NTM

0/20

_

150.33 (7.54–2997.83)

Ishige, 1999 [38]

Japan

PCR of IS6110

3/15

MTBC

1/15

MTBC

3.50 (0.32–38.23)

Wilsher, 1998 [39]

NZ

PCR of IS6110, nested PCR to amplify 85 bp sequence within the 123 bp product

0/31

_

0/10

-

-

Di Alberti, 1997 [40]

Italy

Heminested PCR for 16S rRNA

17/38

4 NTM, 13 Mycobacterium spp

39/113

39 Mycobacterium spp

1.54 (0.73–3.24)

Vokurka, 1997 [41]

France

PCR of IS6110 and DR region

0/15

_

0/27

_

-

Ozcelik, 1997 [42]

Turkey

PCR of IS6110

5/11

MTBC

2/15

MTBC

5.42 (0.81-36.36)

Popper, 1997 [43]

Austria

PCR of 65 kDa mycobacterial antigen and IS6110

11/35

NTM

0/39

-

37.08 (2.09–657.90)

El-Zaatari, 1996 [44]

USA

PCR of IS900/IS902, MAC-specific PCR assay and Western blot

7/7

NTM

13/38

NTM

28.33 (1.50–534.74)

Fidler, 1993 [45]

UK

PCR of 65 kDa mycobacterial antigen and IS6110

7/16

MTBC

1/16

MTBC

11.67 (1.23–110.95)

Thakker, 1992 [46]

UK

PCR of groEL

1/14

MTBC

1/11

MTBC

0.77 (0.04–13.87)

Gerdes, 1992 [47]

Germany

PCR of 16S rDNA

0/14

-

0/10

-

-

Mitchell, 1992 [48]

UK

Mycobacterial rRNA detection by liquid phase hybridisation

5/5

MTBC

0/5

-

121 (2.02–7259.18)

Saboor, 1992 [49]

UK

PCR of IS986/IS6110 and groEL

14/20

10 MTBC, 4 NTM

5/22

3 MTBC, 2 NTM

7.93 (1.99–31.59)

Lisby, 1993 [50]

Denmark

Nested PCR for IS900

0/18

-

0/18

-

-

Grosser, 1999 [51]

Germany

PCR of IS986/IS6110

35/65

MTBC

1/34

MTBC

38.50 (4.96–298.57)

Vago, 1998 [52]

Italy

PCR of IS6110

2/30

MTBC

0/17

-

3.07 (0.14–67.75)

Richter, 1996 [53]

Germany

PCR of mycobacterial 16S rDNA

1/24

MTBC

3/57

MTBC

0.78 (0.08–7.93)

Ghossein, 1994 [54]

USA

PCR of 65 kDa mycobacterial antigen

0/10

-

0/10

-

-

Cannone, 1997 [55]

Italy

PCR of IS6110

2/30

MTBC

0/10

-

1.84 (0.08–41.62)