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  1. Strength training and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) are effective training modalities for improving muscle function, exercise performance and health status in individuals with COPD. The aim of th...

    Authors: Maurice JH Sillen, Frits ME Franssen, Anouk W Vaes, Jeannet ML Delbressine, Emiel FM Wouters and Martijn A Spruit
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:146
  2. Thyroid dysfunction has been described to be linked to a variety of cardiovascular morbidities. Through this pathway thyroid function might also be associated with cardiorespiratory function and exercise capac...

    Authors: Till Ittermann, Sven Gläser, Ralf Ewert, Stephan Felix, Henry Völzke and Marcus Dörr
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:145
  3. Viral pathogens were more commonly reported than previously estimated in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients. However, the real role of virus was still controversial.

    Authors: Yangqing Zhan, Zifeng Yang, Rongchang Chen, Yutao Wang, Wenda Guan and Suishan Zhao
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:144
  4. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) is an essential mediator of angiogenesis that establishes vascular integrity, and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) acts as its natural inhibitor. We considered that angiopoietin might be important...

    Authors: Kuk-Young Moon, PuReun-HaNeul Lee, Sung-Woo Park, Choon-Sik Park and An-Soo Jang
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:143
  5. Moderate-intensity exercise training improves skeletal muscle aerobic capacity and increased oxidative enzyme activity, as well as exercise tolerance in COPD patients.

    Authors: Chun-Hua Wang, Pai-Chien Chou, Wen-Ching Joa, Li-Fei Chen, Te-Fang Sheng, Shu-Chuan Ho, Horng-Chyuan Lin, Chien-Da Huang, Fu-Tsai Chung, Kian Fan Chung and Han-Pin Kuo
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:142
  6. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a long-term complication following an acute pulmonary embolism (PE). It is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages which is concerning as delayed treatm...

    Authors: Matthias Held, Alexander Hesse, Franziska Gött, Regina Holl, Gudrun Hübner, Philipp Kolb, Heinz Jakob Langen, Tobias Romen, Franziska Walter, Hans Joachim Schäfers, Heinrike Wilkens and Berthold Jany
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:141
  7. Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) provoke cognitive and structural brain disorders. Because these disorders have been associated with unsafe gait characterized by an increase in stride-to-stride variab...

    Authors: Sébastien Celle, Cédric Annweiler, Richard Camicioli, Jean-Claude Barthélémy, Frédéric Roche and Olivier Beauchet
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:140
  8. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a distinct form of interstitial pneumonia with unknown origin and poor prognosis. Current pharmacologic treatments are limited and lung transplantation is a viable option...

    Authors: Kristin D Kistler, Luba Nalysnyk, Philip Rotella and Dirk Esser
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:139
  9. Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura (SFTP) are rare and their long-term outcome is difficult to predict, as there are insufficient data which allow accurate characterization of the malignant variant. Thus th...

    Authors: Daniel Franzen, Matthias Diebold, Alex Soltermann, Didier Schneiter, Peter Kestenholz, Rolf Stahel, Walter Weder and Malcolm Kohler
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:138
  10. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is a useful diagnosis tool in low-burden countries for patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) who are smear-negative or sputum-scarce. This study sought to determine ...

    Authors: Pierre Le Palud, Vincent Cattoir, Brigitte Malbruny, Romain Magnier, Karine Campbell, Youssef Oulkhouir, Gérard Zalcman and Emmanuel Bergot
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:137
  11. The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is used to measure exercise capacity and assess prognosis in interstitial lung disease (ILD). Although the 6MWT is usually considered to be a test of submaximal exercise capacity ...

    Authors: Anne E Holland, Leona Dowman, Julio Fiore Jr, Danny Brazzale, Catherine J Hill and Christine F McDonald
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:136
  12. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by overwhelming inflammatory responses and lung remodeling. We hypothesized that leukocyte infiltration during the inflammatory response modulates ep...

    Authors: Qiuhua Chen, Alice Aili Luo, Haibo Qiu, Bing Han, Bruce Hsin-Kuo Ko, Arthur S Slutsky and Haibo Zhang
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:135
  13. It is widely recognized that health-related quality of life (HRQL) is impaired in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), but there is a lack of research on longitudinal associations of COP...

    Authors: Margarethe E Wacker, Matthias Hunger, Stefan Karrasch, Joachim Heinrich, Annette Peters, Holger Schulz and Rolf Holle
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:134
  14. Being a contact of a pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) case is a risk factor for active and latent TB. The objective of this study is to determine the contact tracing yield using two different programmatic definitio...

    Authors: Carla Loredo, Michelle Cailleaux–Cezar, Anne Efron, Fernanda Carvalho Queiroz de Mello and Marcus Barreto Conde
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:133
  15. Inheritance of the F variant of alpha-1-antitrypsin is associated with normal circulating protein levels, but it is believed to be dysfunctional in its ability to inhibit neutrophil elastase and therefore has ...

    Authors: Nicola Jane Sinden, Firas Koura and Robert Andrew Stockley
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:132
  16. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a growing worldwide problem that imposes a great burden on the daily life of patients. Since there is no cure, the goal of treating COPD is to maintain or improv...

    Authors: Annerika HM Slok, Johannes CCM in ’t Veen, Niels H Chavannes, Thys van der Molen, Maureen PMH Rutten-van Mölken, Huib AM Kerstjens, Guus M Asijee, Philippe L Salomé, Sebastiaan Holverda, Richard PN Dekhuijzen, Denise Schuiten, Gerard van Breukelen, Daniel Kotz and Onno CP van Schayck
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:131
  17. Air pollution has many negative health effects on the general population, especially children, subjects with underlying chronic disease and the elderly. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of t...

    Authors: Susanna Esposito, Carlotta Galeone, Mara Lelii, Benedetta Longhi, Beatrice Ascolese, Laura Senatore, Elisabetta Prada, Valentina Montinaro, Stefano Malerba, Maria Francesca Patria and Nicola Principi
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:130
  18. Serum KL-6 is a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases (ILD). However, KL-6 has not been used to discriminate different types of ILD. Serum KL-6 concentrations can vary depending on a...

    Authors: Hiroshi Ohnishi, Shintaro Miyamoto, Shigeo Kawase, Tetsuya Kubota and Akihito Yokoyama
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:129
  19. Bacteremia by Streptococcus pneumoniae has been traditionally associated with poor outcomes in patients with pneumonia; however, data on its impact on outcomes are limited and are sometimes contradictory.

    Authors: Alberto Capelastegui, Rafael Zalacain, Amaia Bilbao, Mikel Egurrola, Luis Alberto Ruiz Iturriaga, Jose M Quintana, Ainhoa Gomez, Cristobal Esteban and Pedro P España
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:128
  20. Long term oxygen therapy (LTOT) has a strong evidence base in COPD patients with respiratory failure, but prescribing practices are recognized to need reform to ensure appropriate use and minimize costs. In th...

    Authors: Alice M Turner, Sourav Sen, Cathryn Steeley, Yasmin Khan, Pamela Sweeney, Yvonne Richards and Rahul Mukherjee
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:127
  21. Nitric oxide can be measured at multiple flow rates to determine proximal (maximum airway nitric oxide flux; JawNO) and distal inflammation (alveolar nitric oxide concentration; CANO). The main aim was to study t...

    Authors: Olaia Sardón, Paula Corcuera, Ane Aldasoro, Javier Korta, Javier Mintegui, José I Emparanza and Eduardo G Pérez-Yarza
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:126
  22. The effectiveness of clinic-based pulmonary rehabilitation in advanced COPD is well established, but few data exist for less severe patients treated in alternative settings. The purpose of this study was to in...

    Authors: Shefalee Amin, Marlon Abrazado, Molly Quinn, Thomas W Storer, Chi-Hong Tseng and Christopher B Cooper
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:125
  23. Patients with COPD are at risk of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection (NTM). This study examined the histology of lung tissue from COPD patients following lung volume reduction with particular focus on evi...

    Authors: Anjali Char, Nick S Hopkinson, David M Hansell, Andrew G Nicholson, Emily C Shaw, Samuel J Clark, Philip Sedgwick, Robert Wilson, Simon Jordan and Michael R Loebinger
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:124
  24. The role of mixed pneumonia (virus + bacteria) in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been described in recent years. However, it is not known whether the systemic inflammatory profile is different compared...

    Authors: Salvador Bello, Elisa Mincholé, Sergio Fandos, Ana B Lasierra, María A Ruiz, Ana L Simon, Carolina Panadero, Carlos Lapresta, Rosario Menendez and Antoni Torres
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:123
  25. Eotaxin proteins are a potential therapeutic target in treating the peribronchial eosinophilia associated with allergic airway diseases. Since inflammation is often associated with an increased generation of r...

    Authors: In-Hee Cho, Ju-Hyun Gong, Min-Kyung Kang, Eun-Jung Lee, Jung Han Yoon Park, Sang-Jae Park and Young-Hee Kang
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:122
  26. Systemic inflammation plays an important role in the initiation, promotion, and progression of lung carcinogenesis. In patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), fibrinogen levels correlate with neoplas...

    Authors: Maria Tereza Aguiar Pessoa Morano, Rafael Mesquita, Guilherme Pinheiro Ferreira Da Silva, Amanda Souza Araújo, Juliana Maria De Sousa Pinto, Antero Gomes Neto, Cyntia Maria Sampaio Viana, Manoel Odorico De Moraes Filho and Eanes Delgado Barros Pereira
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:121
  27. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive parenchymal lung disease of unknown aetiology and poor prognosis, characterized by altered tissue repair and fibrosis. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a c...

    Authors: Susanna Estany, Vanesa Vicens-Zygmunt, Roger Llatjós, Ana Montes, Rosa Penín, Ignacio Escobar, Antoni Xaubet, Salud Santos, Frederic Manresa, Jordi Dorca and Maria Molina-Molina
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:120
  28. Bronchodilator medications are central to the symptomatic management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) are the most commonly used devices to deliver treatment to pat...

    Authors: Stephen Rennard, Charles Fogarty, Colin Reisner, Carlos Fernandez, Tracy Fischer, Michael Golden, Earl St Rose, Patrick Darken, Gregory Tardie and Chadwick Orevillo
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:118
  29. Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is a serious global public health problem. Understanding the correlates of SHS exposure could guide the development of evidence based SHS exposure reduction interventions. Th...

    Authors: Abu S Abdullah, Pete Driezen, Genevieve Sansone, Nigar Nargis, Ghulam AKM Hussain, Anne CK Quah and Geoffrey T Fong
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:117
  30. In healthy lungs, deposited micrometer-sized particles are efficiently phagocytosed by macrophages present on airway surfaces; however, uptake of nanoparticles (NP) by macrophages appears less effective and is...

    Authors: Marianne Geiser, Christoph Wigge, Melanie L Conrad, Sylvie Eigeldinger-Berthou, Lisa Künzi, Holger Garn, Harald Renz and Marcus A Mall
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:116
  31. Glutamine (GLN) has been reported to improve clinical and experimental sepsis outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying the actions of GLN remain unclear, and may depend upon the route of GLN administration...

    Authors: Yin-Ching Chuang, Huey-Mei Shaw, Chi-Chung Chen, He-Jia Pan, Wei-Chih Lai and Hui-Ling Huang
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:115
  32. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological and animal models studies generate hypotheses for innovative strategies in OSA manage...

    Authors: Jose M Marin, Jorge Artal, Teresa Martin, Santiago J Carrizo, Marta Andres, Inmaculada Martin-Burriel, Rosa Bolea, Arianne Sanz, Luis Varona, Javier Godino, Begoña Gallego, Jose A Garcia-Erce, Isabel Villar, Victoria Gil, Marta Forner, Jose P Cubero…
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:114
  33. Inhaled corticosteroids are a mainstay of therapy for persistent asthma, but suboptimal adherence with twice-daily use is widespread. Fluticasone furoate (FF) is a new inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) suitable for...

    Authors: Ashley Woodcock, Jan Lötvall, William W Busse, Eric D Bateman, Sally Stone, Anna Ellsworth and Loretta Jacques
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:113
  34. Eosinophilic airway inflammation is observed in 10-30% of COPD subjects. Whether increased eosinophils or impairment in their clearance by macrophages is associated with the severity and frequency of exacerbat...

    Authors: Osama Eltboli, Mona Bafadhel, Fay Hollins, Adam Wright, Beverley Hargadon, Neeta Kulkarni and Christopher Brightling
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:112
  35. The impact of air pollution on the respiratory system has been estimated on the basis of respiratory symptoms and lung function. However; few studies have compared lung inflammation in healthy and asthmatics c...

    Authors: Benigno Linares Segovia, Gabriela Cortés Sandoval, Norma Amador Licona, Juan Manuel Guízar Mendoza, Estela Núñez Lemus, Diana Olivia Rocha Amador, Xóchitl Sofía Ramírez Gómez and Rebeca Monroy Torres
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:111
  36. Improvements in asthma diagnosis and management require deeper understanding of the heterogeneity of the complex airway inflammation. We hypothesise that differences in the two major inflammatory phenotypes of...

    Authors: Maria Bergquist, Sofia Jonasson, Josephine Hjoberg, Göran Hedenstierna and Jörg Hanrieder
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:110
  37. This paper describes the background, aim, and design of a prospective birth-cohort study in Korea called the COhort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and allergic diseases (COCOA). COCOA objectives are to investi...

    Authors: Hyeon-Jong Yang, So-Yeon Lee, Dong In Suh, Youn Ho Shin, Byoung-Ju Kim, Ju-Hee Seo, Hyoung Yoon Chang, Kyung Won Kim, Kangmo Ahn, Yee-Jin Shin, Kyung-Sook Lee, Cheol Min Lee, Se-Young Oh, Ho Kim, Jong-Han Leem, Hwan-Cheol Kim…
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:109
  38. Many asthmatic women complain of symptom exacerbations in particular periods, i.e. during pregnancy and menstrual cycles (perimenstrual asthma: PMA)". The goal of this study was to study the effect of the lute...

    Authors: Maria Matteis, Francesca Polverino, Giuseppe Spaziano, Fiorentina Roviezzo, Carlo Santoriello, Nikol Sullo, Maria Rosaria Bucci, Francesco Rossi, Mario Polverino, Caroline A Owen and Bruno D’Agostino
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:108
  39. We aimed to determine adherence to inhaled antibiotics, other respiratory medicines and airway clearance and to determine the association between adherence to these treatments and health outcomes (pulmonary ex...

    Authors: Amanda R McCullough, Michael M Tunney, Alexandra L Quittner, J Stuart Elborn, Judy M Bradley and Carmel M Hughes
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:107
  40. There is still limited information on systemic inflammation in alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficient (AATD) COPD patients and what effect alpha-1-antitrypsin augmentation therapy and/or exercise might have on circulat...

    Authors: I Mark Olfert, Moh H Malek, Tomas ML Eagan, Harrieth Wagner and Peter D Wagner
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:106
  41. Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality worldwide. Management of CAP for many patients requires rapid initiation of empirical antibiotic treatment, base...

    Authors: Ilija Kuzman, Alexandr Bezlepko, Irena Kondova Topuzovska, László Rókusz, Liudmyla Iudina, Hans-Peter Marschall and Thomas Petri
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:105
  42. Clinical evaluation to differentiate the characteristic features of pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema is often difficult in patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE), but diagnosis of pulmo...

    Authors: Minoru Inomata, Soichiro Ikushima, Nobuyasu Awano, Keisuke Kondoh, Kohta Satake, Masahiro Masuo, Yuji Kusunoki, Atsuko Moriya, Hiroyuki Kamiya, Tsunehiro Ando, Noriyo Yanagawa, Toshio Kumasaka, Takashi Ogura, Fumikazu Sakai, Arata Azuma, Akihiko Gemma…
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:104
  43. Patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of infection by P. aeruginosa. The specific role of bronchiectasis in both infection and chronic colonization by this microo...

    Authors: Miguel Gallego, Xavier Pomares, Mateu Espasa, Eva Castañer, Mar Solé, David Suárez, Eduard Monsó and Concepción Montón
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:103
  44. Co-morbidities are common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We assessed the contribution of common co-morbidities on health related quality of life (HRQoL) among COPD patients.

    Authors: Jukka Koskela, Maritta Kilpeläinen, Henna Kupiainen, Witold Mazur, Harri Sintonen, Marike Boezen, Ari Lindqvist, Dirkje Postma and Tarja Laitinen
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:102
  45. Respiratory diseases are one of the causes of childhood morbidity and mortality as well as hospitalization globally. The patterns of different respiratory illnesses in several parts of the world have been repo...

    Authors: Tagbo Oguonu, Chikaodinaka Adaeze Ayuk, Benedict Onyeka Edelu and Ikenna Kingsley Ndu
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:101
  46. The aim was to measure flagellin concentrations in the expectorations of CF patients and to examine whether there are correlations with the level of respiratory insufficiency and inflammation.

    Authors: Viviane Balloy, Guiti Thévenot, Thierry Bienvenu, Philippe Morand, Harriet Corvol, Annick Clement, Reuben Ramphal, Dominique Hubert and Michel Chignard
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:100
  47. COPD patients have decreased physical fitness, and have an increased risk of vascular disease. In the general population, fitness is positively associated with resting cerebral blood flow velocity, however, li...

    Authors: Sara E Hartmann, Richard Leigh and Marc J Poulin
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:99
  48. During most COPD exacerbations, patients continue to live in the community but there is little information on changes in activity during exacerbations due to the difficulties of obtaining recent, prospective b...

    Authors: Ayedh D Alahmari, Anant RC Patel, Beverly S Kowlessar, Alex J Mackay, Richa Singh, Jadwiga A Wedzicha and Gavin C Donaldson
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:98
  49. Exercise tolerance can be assessed by the cycle endurance test (CET) and six-minute walk test (6MWT) in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). We sought to investigate the characteristics ...

    Authors: Vasileios Andrianopoulos, Scott S Wagers, Miriam TJ Groenen, Lowie E Vanfleteren, Frits ME Franssen, Frank WJM Smeenk, Ioannis Vogiatzis, Emiel F M Wouters and Martijn A Spruit
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:97

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