Articles

PD-L1, FGFR1, PIK3CA, PTEN, and p16 expression in pulmonary emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with resected lung squamous cell carcinoma

Emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are well known independent risk factors for lung cancer. However, the developmental mechanisms between emphysema/COPD and lung cancer remain unknown. ...

Authors: Ken Arimura, Yasuo Sekine, Kenzo Hiroshima, Satoru Shimizu, Noriyuki Shibata, Mitsuko Kondo, Kiyoshi Takeyama and Etsuko Tagaya

Atypical diagnosis for typical lung carcinoid

The diagnosis of lung typical carcinoid tumors results challenging when limited size and unfavorable sampling location is associated. It has been reported that bronchoscopy with endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)...

Authors: Roberto Piro, Roberto Tonelli, Sofia Taddei, Alessandro Marchioni, Giovanni Musci, Enrico Clini and Nicola Facciolongo

Borderline pulmonary hypertension is associated with exercise intolerance and increased risk for acute exacerbation in patients with interstitial lung disease

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is traditionally defined as a resting mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of ≥25 mmHg, while mPAP in the range of 21 to 24 mmHg is recognized as “borderline PH.” Interstitial lung...

Authors: Kenji Nemoto, Shuji Oh-ishi, Tatsuya Akiyama, Yuki Yabuuchi, Hitomi Goto, Mizu Nonaka, Yuika Sasatani, Hiroaki Tachi, Naoki Arai, Hiroaki Ishikawa, Kentaro Hyodo, Isano Hase, Yukiko Miura, Takio Takaku, Kenji Hayashihara and Takefumi Saito

Bronchoscopic management of solitary bronchial myelolipoma: a case report

Myelolipoma is a rare benign tumor composed of mature adipose and hematopoietic tissues. Most myelolipomas are found in the adrenal glands, whereas intrathoracic myelolipoma is extremely rare. In particular, b...

Authors: Hyun Sung Chung, Kyu Min Lee, Jung Seop Eom, Insu Kim, Seyeon Park, Jihyun Ahn, Ahrong Kim, Chang Hun Lee, Geewon Lee and Min Ki Lee

Progression of erectile function in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cohort study

Although sexual function is a quality of life aspect that is markedly affected in males with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), this topic has not attracted much attention and research on this matte...

Authors: Eui Geum Oh and Jae Yong Yoo

Bronchoscopic management of peripheral pulmonary lesions: robotic approach paves the way to the future

Authors: Michele Mondoni and Giovanni Sotgiu

DNA-PKcs modulates progenitor cell proliferation and fibroblast senescence in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Recent studies have highlighted the contribution of senescent mesenchymal and epithelial cells in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), but little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms that regulate the a...

Authors: David M. Habiel, Miriam S. Hohmann, Milena S. Espindola, Ana Lucia Coelho, Isabelle Jones, Heather Jones, Richard Carnibella, Isaac Pinar, Freda Werdiger and Cory M. Hogaboam

Impact of clonally-related Burkholderia contaminans strains in two patients attending an Italian cystic fibrosis centre: a case report

Burkholderia contaminans is one of the 20 closely related bacterial of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, a group of bacteria that are ubiquitous in the environment and capable of infecting people with cystic fibr...

Authors: Daniela Savi, Serena Quattrucci, Maria Trancassini, Claudia Dalmastri, Riccardo V. De Biase, Marta Maggisano, Paolo Palange and Annamaria Bevivino

Laryngo-tracheal stenosis in a woman with ablepharon macrostomia syndrome

Ablepharon macrostomia syndrome (AMS) is a rare congenital malformation disorder caused by the autosomal-dominant mutations in gene TWIST2. Patients affected by the disease present abnormalities in ectoderm-de...

Authors: Paola Ciriaco, Angelo Carretta and Giampiero Negri

Microbiological analysis of endotracheal aspirate and endotracheal tube cultures in mechanically ventilated patients

To compare the microbiological culture within endotracheal aspirate specimens (ETAs) and endotracheal tube specimens (ETTs) in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV) by statistical tools.

Authors: Lijuan Shen, Fei Wang, Junfeng Shi, Weixin Xu, Tingting Jiang, Huifang Tang, Xiuwen Yu, Hao Yin, Shanyou Hu, Xiao Wu, Siu Kit Chan, Jie Sun and Qing Chang

Multidisciplinary approach to connective tissue disease (CTD) related pleural effusions: a four-year retrospective evaluation

CTD-related pleural effusions are rare and challenging to diagnose. Our lung inflammation service (with expertise in rheumatology, interstitial lung disease and respiratory failure) works closely with the pleu...

Authors: Hugh Ip, Parthipan Sivakumar, Eugene Ace McDermott, Sangita Agarwal, Boris Lams, Alex West and Liju Ahmed

Serial ultrasound assessment of diaphragmatic function and clinical outcome in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Diaphragmatic assessment by ultrasound (US) is a non-invasive and useful method in the clinical management of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). The aim of our observational study was to evalua...

Authors: Riccardo Fantini, Roberto Tonelli, Ivana Castaniere, Luca Tabbì, Maria Rosaria Pellegrino, Stefania Cerri, Francesco Livrieri, Francesco Giaroni, Marco Monelli, Valentina Ruggieri, Nicola Fini, Jessica Mandrioli, Enrico Clini and Alessandro Marchioni

Lung ultrasound in infants with bronchiolitis

Lung ultrasound (LUS) is nowadays a fast-growing field of study since the technique has been widely acknowledged as a cost-effective, radiation free, and ready available alternative to standard X-ray imaging. ...

Authors: Danilo Buonsenso, Anna Maria Musolino, Antonio Gatto, Ilaria Lazzareschi, Antonietta Curatola and Piero Valentini

Expression of eosinophil β chain-signaling cytokines receptors, outer-membrane integrins, and type 2 inflammation biomarkers in severe non-allergic eosinophilic asthma

Severe non-allergic eosinophilic asthma (SNEA) is a rare asthma phenotype associated with severe clinical course, frequent exacerbations, and resistance to therapy, including high steroid doses. The key featur...

Authors: Virginija Kalinauskaite-Zukauske, Andrius Januskevicius, Ieva Janulaityte, Skaidrius Miliauskas and Kestutis Malakauskas

Temporal echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary hypertension in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients treated with nintedanib with or without oxygen therapy

Nintedanib is an inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, but its effects on pulmonary hypertension (PH) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients wi...

Authors: Masahiro Tahara, Keishi Oda, Kei Yamasaki, Takako Kawaguchi, Konomi Sennari, Shingo Noguchi, Noriho Sakamoto, Toshinori Kawanami, Hiroshi Mukae and Kazuhiro Yatera

Nintedanib allows retreatment with atezolizumab of combined non-small cell lung cancer/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis after atezolizumab-induced pneumonitis: a case report

Nintedanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that efficiently slows the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and has an acceptable tolerability profile. In contrast, immune checkpoint inhibitors (IC...

Authors: Hideaki Yamakawa, Tomohiro Oba, Hiroki Ohta, Yuta Tsukahara, Gen Kida, Emiri Tsumiyama, Tomotaka Nishizawa, Rie Kawabe, Shintaro Sato, Keiichi Akasaka, Masako Amano, Kazuyoshi Kuwano and Hidekazu Matsushima

A pragmatic application of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration: a single institution experience

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided trans-bronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is minimally invasive technique used for diagnosis and/or staging of benign and malignant pulmonary and non-pulmonary disease. Prev...

Authors: Nicola Bailey, Zoe Krisnadi, Raena Kaur, Siobhain Mulrennan, Martin Phillips and Neli Slavova-Azmanova

A case of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis complicated with a similar condition to IgG4 related lung disease

Atypical manifestations, such as elevated serum immunoglobulin-G4 (IgG4) and extra-pulmonary IgG4 positive plasmacyte infiltration, have been described in patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyang...

Authors: Li Zhou, Fen Cao, Songqing Fan, Ping Chen, Shuizi Ding, Guiqian Liu and Ruoyun Ouyang

The acoustic characteristics of fine crackles predict honeycombing on high-resolution computed tomography

Honeycombing on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a distinguishing feature of usual interstitial pneumonia and predictive of poor outcome in interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Although fine crackle...

Authors: Toshikazu Fukumitsu, Yasushi Obase, Yuji Ishimatsu, Shota Nakashima, Hiroshi Ishimoto, Noriho Sakamoto, Kosei Nishitsuji, Shunpei Shiwa, Tomoya Sakai, Sueharu Miyahara, Kazuto Ashizawa, Hiroshi Mukae and Ryo Kozu

Toxicity related to standard TB therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis and treatment outcomes in the REMoxTB study according to HIV status

The phase III REMoxTB study prospectively enrolled HIV-positive (with CD4+ count > 250 cells, not on anti-retroviral therapy) and HIV-negative patients. We investigated the incidence of adverse events and cure...

Authors: Conor D. Tweed, Angela M. Crook, Rodney Dawson, Andreas H. Diacon, Timothy D. McHugh, Carl M. Mendel, Sarah K. Meredith, Lerato Mohapi, Michael E. Murphy, Andrew J. Nunn, Patrick P. J. Phillips, Kasha P. Singh, Melvin Spigelman and Stephen H. Gillespie

Histoplasmosis in an elderly Polish tourist – a case report

Histoplasmosis is a mycosis caused by soil-based fungus Histoplasma capsulatum endemic in the USA, Latin America, Africa and South-East Asia. The disease is usually self-resolving, but exposure to a large inoculu...

Authors: Krzysztof Specjalski, Karolina Kita, Krzysztof Kuziemski, Beata Tokarska, Lucyna Górska, Jolanta Szade, Alicja Siemińska, Marta Chełmińska and Ewa Jassem

Risk factors and clinical characteristics of lung cancer in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a retrospective cohort study

Lung cancer is a common comorbidity of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and has poor outcomes. The incidence and clinical factors related to development of lung cancer in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)...

Authors: Hongseok Yoo, Byeong-Ho Jeong, Myung Jin Chung, Kyung Soo Lee, O. Jung Kwon and Man Pyo Chung

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy effects on pulmonary functions: a prospective cohort study

Oxygen toxicity is one potential side effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Previous small studies showed mild reductions in pulmonary functions reflecting reductions in small airway conductance after re...

Authors: Amir Hadanny, Tal Zubari, Liat Tamir-Adler, Yair Bechor, Gregory Fishlev, Erez Lang, Nir Polak, Jacob Bergan, Mony Friedman and Shai Efrati

Determinants of pneumonia among 2–59 months old children at Debre Markos referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a case-control study

Pneumonia is a significant public health problem globally. The early identification and management of the determinants of pneumonia demands clear evidence. But, there is a limited data on this issue in the cur...

Authors: Sefinew Getaneh, Girma Alem, Maru Meseret, Yihun Miskir, Tilahun Tewabe, Gebeyaw Molla and Yihalem Abebe Belay

Patient-reported outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis with a G551D mutation on ivacaftor treatment: results from a cross-sectional study

Clinical studies demonstrate that ivacaftor (IVA) improves health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients aged ≥6 years with cystic fibrosis (CF). The real-world impact of IVA and standard of care (SOC) in...

Authors: Scott C. Bell, Jochen G. Mainz, Gordon MacGregor, Susan Madge, Julie Macey, Moshe Fridman, Ellison D. Suthoff, Siva Narayanan and Nils Kinnman

Aerosol therapy in relation to retinopathy of prematurity in mechanically ventilated preterm infants

Aerosol administration is increasingly being used as a therapeutic intervention for mechanically ventilated preterm infants. However, the effects of inhalation therapy on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) have ...

Authors: Mei-Chin Yang, Hsiu-Feng Hsiao, Hsiu-Li Tseng, Ya-Wen Chiu and Yi-Hao Weng

Severe exacerbations in moderate-to-severe asthmatics are associated with increased pro-inflammatory and type 1 mediators in sputum and serum

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease and understanding this heterogeneity will enable the realisation of precision medicine. We sought to compare the sputum and serum inflammatory profiles in moderate-to-severe a...

Authors: Michael A. Ghebre, Pee Hwee Pang, Dhananjay Desai, Beverley Hargadon, Chris Newby, Joanne Woods, Laura Rapley, Suzanne E. Cohen, Athula Herath, Erol A. Gaillard, Richard D. May and Chris E. Brightling

Procalcitonin and lung ultrasonography point-of-care testing to decide on antibiotic prescription in patients with lower respiratory tract infection in primary care: protocol of a pragmatic cluster randomized trial

A minority of patients presenting with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) to their general practitioner (GP) have community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and require antibiotic therapy. Identifying them is ch...

Authors: Loïc Lhopitallier, Andreas Kronenberg, Jean-Yves Meuwly, Isabella Locatelli, Julie Dubois, Joachim Marti, Yolanda Mueller, Nicolas Senn, Valérie D’Acremont and Noémie Boillat-Blanco

Effects of C/EBPα overexpression on alveolar epithelial type II cell proliferation, apoptosis and surfactant protein-C expression after exposure to hyperoxia

This study aims to investigate the effects of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) overexpression on cell proliferation, apoptosis and surfactant protein-C(SP-C) in alveolar epithelial type II (AEC II...

Authors: Hongyan Lu, Xiaoqing Chen, Yanmin Lu, Haitao Zhu, Wei Tang and Qiuxia Wang

Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia: two case reports and literature review

Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) is a very rare form of acute or subacute lung injury, which is characterized by patches of “fibrin balls” distributed within the alveoli.

Authors: Jingjing Lu, Qi Yin, Yunlan Zha, Shuangshuang Deng, Jianhao Huang, Zhongliang Guo and Qiang Li

Prevalence, incidence, and mortality of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in Korea: a nationwide population-based study

Epidemiologic characteristics of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease remain largely unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate incidence, prevalence, and mortality of NTM infection in a large ...

Authors: Seon Cheol Park, Min Jin Kang, Chang Hoon Han, Sun Min Lee, Cheong Ju Kim, Jung Mo Lee and Young Ae Kang

Caffeine is associated with improved alveolarization and angiogenesis in male mice following hyperoxia induced lung injury

Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity reduces the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature neonates. Several mechanisms, including improvement in pulmonary mechanics underly beneficial ef...

Authors: Vikramaditya Dumpa, Lori Nielsen, Huamei Wang and Vasantha H. S. Kumar

Increased IFN-γ-producing Th17/Th1 cells and their association with lung function and current smoking status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Th17 cells are believed to be important proinflammatory cells in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recent evidence demonstrates that Th17 cells display substantial developmental...

Authors: Weihan Xu, Ruimin Li and Yongchang Sun

High prevalence of bronchiectasis on chest CT in a selected cohort of children with severe Asthma

Chest computed tomography (CT) scans have a recognised role in investigating adults with severe asthma to exclude alternative diagnoses, but its role in children is less clear. The objective of this study was ...

Authors: David Lo, Amit Maniyar, Sumit Gupta and Erol Gaillard

Primary ciliary dyskinesia in Japan: systematic review and meta-analysis

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder. Although the genetic tests and new diagnostic algorithms have recently been recommended, clinical signs and electron microscope (EM) findings have h...

Authors: Atsushi Inaba, Masanori Furuhata, Kozo Morimoto, Mahbubur Rahman, Osamu Takahashi, Minako Hijikata, Michael R. Knowles and Naoto Keicho

Asthma rehabilitation at high vs. low altitude: randomized parallel-group trial

To investigate the effect of asthma rehabilitation at high altitude (3100 m, HA) compared to low altitude (760 m, LA).

Authors: Stéphanie Saxer, Simon R. Schneider, Paula Appenzeller, Patrick R. Bader, Mona Lichtblau, Michael Furian, Ulan Sheraliev, Bermet Estebesova, Berik Emilov, Talant Sooronbaev, Konrad E. Bloch and Silvia Ulrich

A case of early diagnosis of pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis in a worker with exposure to silica

Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) is a progressive and refractory vascular disease in the lung. Pulmonary hypertension is frequently combined with PCH when capillary proliferation invades to nearby pul...

Authors: Chang Dong Yeo, Deokjae Han, Jongmin Lee, Woo-Baek Chung, Jung Im Jung, Kyo-Young Lee, Tae-Jung Kim, Woori Jang, Myungshin Kim and Ji Young Kang

Multiplex PCR of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in children enhances the rate of pathogen detection

Culturing of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is a commonly used method for pathogen detection in pneumonia. However, the sensitivity is low, especially in patients pre-treated with anti-infective agents. Th...

Authors: Eva Tschiedel, Arkadius Goralski, Jörg Steinmann, Peter-Michael Rath, Margarete Olivier, Uwe Mellies, Tanja Kottmann and Florian Stehling

Predictors of outcome of noninvasive ventilation in severe COPD exacerbation

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) reduces the rate of endotracheal intubation (ETI) and overall mortality in severe acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) with acute respiratory failure and is increasingly applied in...

Authors: Alexandru T. Steriade, Shirin Johari, Nicoleta Sargarovschi, Daniela Necula, Cornelia E. Tudose, Diana Ionita, Miron A. Bogdan and Dragos Bumbacea

Clinical characteristics of patients with familial idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (f-IPF)

The aim of this study was to analyze the relative frequency, clinical characteristics, disease onset and progression in f-IPF vs. sporadic IPF (s-IPF).

Authors: Ekaterina Krauss, Godja Gehrken, Fotios Drakopanagiotakis, Silke Tello, Ruth C. Dartsch, Olga Maurer, Anita Windhorst, Daniel von der Beck, Matthias Griese, Werner Seeger and Andreas Guenther

Application of structured statistical analyses to identify a biomarker predictive of enhanced tralokinumab efficacy in phase III clinical trials for severe, uncontrolled asthma

Tralokinumab is an anti–interleukin (IL)-13 monoclonal antibody investigated for the treatment of severe, uncontrolled asthma in two Phase III clinical trials, STRATOS 1 and 2. The STRATOS 1 biomarker analysis...

Authors: Mattis Gottlow, David J. Svensson, Ilya Lipkovich, Monika Huhn, Karin Bowen, Peter Wessman and Gene Colice

Side lying during nebulisation can significantly improve apical deposition in healthy adults and adults with mild cystic fibrosis lung disease: a randomised crossover trial

In people with and without Cystic Fibrosis (CF), does side lying during nebulisation change: the proportion of the dose loaded in the nebuliser that is deposited in the lungs; the uniformity of deposition thro...

Authors: Ruth L. Dentice, Mark R. Elkins, Jordan Verschuer, Stefan Eberl, Genevieve Dwyer and Peter T. P. Bye

Randomized controlled trials of pharmacological treatments to prevent COPD exacerbations: applicability to real-life patients

In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, all efforts should be made to prevent exacerbations because each event modifies the trajectory of the disease. Treatment recommendations are mostly built...

Authors: Laurie Pahus, Pierre-Régis Burgel, Nicolas Roche, Jean-Louis Paillasseur and Pascal Chanez

Effects of low-dose computed tomography on lung cancer screening: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis

The Nelson mortality results were presented in September 2018. Four other randomized control trials (RCTs) were also reported the latest mortality outcomes in 2018 and 2019. We therefore conducted a meta-analy...

Authors: Kai-Lin Huang, Shih-Yuan Wang, Wan-Chen Lu, Ya-Hui Chang, Jian Su and Yen-Ta Lu

Safety and complications of medical thoracoscopy in the management of pleural diseases

Medical thoracoscopy is considered an overall safe procedure, whereas numbers of studies focus on complications of diagnostic thoracoscopy and talc poudrage pleurodesis. We conduct this study to evaluate the s...

Authors: Yun-Yan Wan, Cong-Cong Zhai, Xin-Shan Lin, Zhou-Hong Yao, Qing-Hua Liu, Ling Zhu, De-Zhi Li, Xi-Li Li, Ning Wang and Dian-Jie Lin

Frequency and patterns of second-line resistance conferring mutations among MDR-TB isolates resistant to a second-line drug from eSwatini, Somalia and Uganda (2014–2016)

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Drug resistance, a huge problem in this contagious disease, is driven by point mutations in the Mycobacterium tubercul...

Authors: David Patrick Kateete, Rogers Kamulegeya, Edgar Kigozi, Fred Ashaba Katabazi, Deus Lukoye, Sindani Ireneaus Sebit, Hergeye Abdi, Peter Arube, George William Kasule, Kenneth Musisi, Myalo Glen Dlamini, Derrick Khumalo and Moses L. Joloba

Asthma severity in four countries of Latin America

In Latin America, there is scarce information about severe asthma (SA) according to the ERS/ATS 2014 criteria. This study aimed to compare the demographic, socio, clinical characteristics, treatment, and use o...

Authors: Hugo Neffen, Felipe Moraes, Karynna Viana, Valentina Di Boscio, Gur Levy, Claudia Vieira, Gabriela Abreu and Claudia Soares

Case report of a 28-year-old man with aortic dissection and pulmonary shadow due to granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is characterised by the main violation of the upper and lower respiratory tract and kidney. GPA is considered a systemic vasculitis of medium-sized and small blood vessel...

Authors: Lei Pan, Jun-Hong Yan, Fu-Quan Gao, Hong Li, Sha-Sha Han, Guo-Hong Cao, Chang-Jun Lv and Xiao-Zhi Wang

Is incentive spirometry beneficial for patients with lung cancer receiving video-assisted thoracic surgery?

The effectiveness of Incentive spirometry (IS) in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) remains lacking. We conducted a population-based study to investigate the effectiveness of IS on pat...

Authors: Chin-Jung Liu, Wen-Chen Tsai, Chia-Chen Chu, Chih-Hsin Muo and Wei-Sheng Chung

Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features show better survival and less exacerbations compared to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) who show features related to autoimmunity without meeting criteria for a defined connective tissue disease are categorized as interstitial pneumonia with autoimmun...

Authors: Jeong Uk Lim, Bo Mi Gil, Hye Seon Kang, Jongyeol Oh, Yong Hyun Kim and Soon Seog Kwon