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  1. Content type: Case report

    Pulmonary carcinosarcoma (PCS) is a rare primary lung malignancy and has a poor prognosis among lung tumor histological subtypes. However, an appropriate treatment strategy has not been developed for unresecta...

    Authors: Azusa Tanimoto, Shinji Takeuchi, Hiroshi Kotani, Kaname Yamashita, Tadaaki Yamada, Koushiro Ohtsubo, Hiromichi Ebi, Hiroko Ikeda and Seiji Yano

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:193

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  2. Content type: Research article

    Guidelines currently do not recommend the routine use of chest x-ray (CXR) in bronchiolitis. However, CXR is still performed in a high percentage of cases, mainly to diagnose or rule out pneumonia. The inappro...

    Authors: Carlotta Biagi, Luca Pierantoni, Michelangelo Baldazzi, Laura Greco, Ada Dormi, Arianna Dondi, Giacomo Faldella and Marcello Lanari

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:191

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  3. Content type: Research article

    The optimal procedure for maximizing the diagnostic yield and minimizing the procedural complexity of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is controversial. We conducted...

    Authors: Xiaoxiao Lin, Min Ye, Yuping Li, Jing Ren, Qiyan Lou, Yangyang Li, Xiaohui Jin, Ko-Pen Wang and Chengshui Chen

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:192

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  4. Content type: Research article

    Hsp90-beta has been investigated to be correlated with the occurrence and development of tumor. The intention of this research was to test the level of Hsp90-beta in malignant pleural effusion (MPE) of patient...

    Authors: Rong Biaoxue, Li Min, Fu Tian, Gao Wenlong and Liu Hua

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:188

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  5. Content type: Research article

    Lung hyperinflation contributes to dyspnea, morbidity and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The inspiratory-to-total lung capacity (IC/TLC) ratio is a measure of lung hyperinflation an...

    Authors: Linn T. Aalstad, Jon A. Hardie, Birgitte Espehaug, Einar Thorsen, Per S. Bakke, Tomas M. L. Eagan and Bente Frisk

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:187

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  6. Content type: Research article

    Home mechanical ventilation is an established treatment for chronic respiratory failure resulting in improved survival and quality of life. Technological advancement, evolving health care reimbursement systems...

    Authors: Luca Valko, Szabolcs Baglyas, Janos Gal and Andras Lorx

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:190

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  7. Content type: Research article

    Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common pathological phenomenon, which causes hepatic injury as well as remote organ injuries such as the lung. Several mediators, such as oxidative stress, Ca2+ over...

    Authors: Yao Tong, Zhuang Yu, Renlingzi Zhang, Xibing Ding, Zhixia Chen and Quan Li

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:189

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  8. Content type: Research article

    There is a lack of robust data about factors predicting continuation (or termination) of positive airway pressure therapy (PAP) for sleep apnea. This analysis of big data from a German homecare provider descri...

    Authors: Holger Woehrle, Michael Arzt, Andrea Graml, Ingo Fietze, Peter Young, Helmut Teschler and Joachim H. Ficker

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:186

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  9. Content type: Research article

    This study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of asthma and associated risk factors in the adult population of Karachi, Pakistan.

    Authors: Shama Razzaq, Asaad Ahmed Nafees, Unaib Rabbani, Muhammad Irfan, Shahla Naeem, Muhammad Arslan Khan, Zafar Fatmi and Peter Burney

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:184

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  10. Content type: Case report

    Coexistence of aspergilloma and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) has rarely been reported. Although the treatment for ABPA includes administration of corticosteroids and antifungal agents, little...

    Authors: Kohei Horiuchi, Takanori Asakura, Naoki Hasegawa and Fumitake Saito

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:185

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  11. Content type: Research article

    Disease control is an important objective of COPD management. The SINCON study evaluated the level of control in terms of respiratory symptoms and exacerbations in Spanish patients with COPD for ≥2 years.

    Authors: Adolfo Baloira, José Miguel Rodriguez Gonzalez-Moro, Estefanía Sanjuán, Juan Antonio Trigueros and Ricard Casamor

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:183

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  12. Content type: Research article

    2′-5′-Oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) plays an important role in inflammatory immune reactions. OAS1 polymorphisms have been associated with increased susceptibility to various diseases. We investigated the as...

    Authors: Shouquan Wu, Yu Wang, Guo Chen, Miaomiao Zhang, Minggui Wang and Jian-Qing He

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:180

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  14. Content type: Case report

    Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a systemic ANCA-associated vasculitis characterized by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation and a predilection for the upper and lower respiratory tract. Eosinophili...

    Authors: Michele V. Quan, Stephen K. Frankel, Mehrnaz Maleki-Fischbach and Laren D. Tan

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:181

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  16. Content type: Research article

    The breakdown of alveolar barrier dysfunction contributes to Lipopolysaccharide stimulated pulmonary edema and acute lung injury. Actin cytoskeleton has been implicated to be critical in regulation of epitheli...

    Authors: Weiju Wang, Jie Weng, Lei Yu, Qiaobing Huang, Yong Jiang and Xiaohua Guo

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:178

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  17. Content type: Research article

    We aimed to determine the presepsin concentration in pleural fluid from patients with pleural effusions of different aetiologies and to compare its diagnostic value with that of pleural fluid C-reactive protei...

    Authors: Naoki Watanabe, Tomoya Ishii, Nobuyuki Kita, Nobuhiro Kanaji, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Nobuki Nanki, Yutaka Ueda, Yasunori Tojo, Norimitsu Kadowaki and Shuji Bandoh

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:176

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  18. Content type: Research article

    Diaphragmatic dysfunction remains the main cause of weaning difficulty or failure. Ultrasonographic measurement of diaphragmatic function can be used to predict the outcomes of weaning from mechanical ventilat...

    Authors: Pongdhep Theerawit, Dararat Eksombatchai, Yuda Sutherasan, Thitiporn Suwatanapongched, Charn Kiatboonsri and Sumalee Kiatboonsri

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:175

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  19. Content type: Research article

    Pirfenidone is an antifibrotic compound approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We present our real-world experience in terms of Pirfenidone’s effect on mortality and adverse events ...

    Authors: George A. Margaritopoulos, Athina Trachalaki, Athol U. Wells, Eirini Vasarmidi, Eleni Bibaki, George Papastratigakis, Stathis Detorakis, Nikos Tzanakis and Katerina M. Antoniou

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:177

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  20. Content type: Research article

    The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious disease in critically ill patients that is characterized by pulmonary dysfunctions, hypoxemia and significant mortality. Patients with immunodeficien...

    Authors: Eva Verjans, Stephanie Kanzler, Kim Ohl, Annette D. Rieg, Nadine Ruske, Angela Schippers, Norbert Wagner, Klaus Tenbrock, Stefan Uhlig and Christian Martin

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:174

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  21. Content type: Research article

    Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypnopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) is a known factor contributing to resistant hypertension (HT). Continuous Positive Airways Pressure (CPAP) is effective to decrease blood pressure (...

    Authors: Florent Seguro, Vincent Bard, Kamila Sedkaoui, Maya Riche, Alain Didier and Béatrice Bouhanick

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:173

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  22. Content type: Research article

    Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic disease with a high symptom burden and poor survival that influences patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We aimed to evaluate IPF patients’ sympto...

    Authors: K. Rajala, J. T. Lehto, E. Sutinen, H. Kautiainen, M. Myllärniemi and T. Saarto

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:172

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  23. Content type: Research article

    The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of Erlotinib versus Gefitinib in the treatment of Asian patients with exon 19 EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma and newly diagnosed brain metastases.

    Authors: Ye Jiang, Jing Zhang, Juanjuan Huang, Bo Xu, Ning Li, Lei Cao and Mingdong Zhao

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:171

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  24. Content type: Case report

    Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial–pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is increasing in incidence and prevalence. Mycobacterium abscessus (M.abscessus) is a rapid growing multi-resistant NTM associated with severe NTM-PD requi...

    Authors: C. Addy, G. Doran, A. L. Jones, G. Wright, S. Caskey and D. G. Downey

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:170

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  26. Content type: Research article

    Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease is of increasing public health concern in China. Information is limited regarding risk factors associated with this disease in China. The objective of this s...

    Authors: Yaoju Tan, Biyi Su, Wei Shu, Xingshan Cai, Shaojia Kuang, Haobin Kuang, Jianxiong Liu and Yu Pang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:168

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  27. Content type: Research article

    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major and increasing global health problem. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that participates in several pulmonary functions and it has been involved in oxidat...

    Authors: Pietro Pirina, Elisabetta Zinellu, Panagiotis Paliogiannis, Alessandro G. Fois, Viviana Marras, Salvatore Sotgia, Ciriaco Carru and Angelo Zinellu

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:167

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  28. Content type: Research article

    The level of physical activity among individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with the disease severity and prognosis. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of...

    Authors: Pedro Barbolla Benito and Germán Peces-Barba Romero

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:166

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  29. Content type: Correction

    Following publication of the original article [1], the author flagged aspects of the article that affected readability of some of the article’s scientific content.

    Authors: Oliver Fuchs, Thomas Bahmer, Markus Weckmann, Anna-Maria Dittrich, Bianca Schaub, Barbara Rösler, Christine Happle, Folke Brinkmann, Isabell Ricklefs, Inke R. König, Henrik Watz, Klaus F. Rabe, Matthias V. Kopp, Gesine Hansen and Erika von Mutius

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:165

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    The original article was published in BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:140

  30. Content type: Research article

    Interleukin (IL)-3 amplifies inflammation. However, the effect of IL-3 in acute lung injury (ALI), an acute inflammatory disease, is unclear. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that IL-3 plays an...

    Authors: Zhijian Huang, Wei Zhang, Jian Yang, Feiyu Sun and Hongwei Zhou

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:164

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  31. Content type: Research article

    COPD is a treatable disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Treatment aims to stop disease progression, to improve quality of life, and to reduce exacerbations. We aimed to evaluate the association of th...

    Authors: Magdalena Humenberger, Andreas Horner, Anna Labek, Bernhard Kaiser, Rupert Frechinger, Constanze Brock, Petra Lichtenberger and Bernd Lamprecht

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:163

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  32. Content type: Research article

    Risk assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) contributes to its management. Unfortunately, the existing risk assessment approaches are defective for clinicians to practice in daily clinical setting...

    Authors: Wei Xiong, Yunfeng Zhao, Mei Xu, Bigyan Pudasaini, Xuejun Guo and Jinming Liu

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:161

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  33. Content type: Case report

    Until recently, lung transplantation was not considered in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV seropositive patients with suppressed viral loads can now expect long-term survival with the adv...

    Authors: Shaun Ong, Robert D Levy, John Yee, Nilu Partovi, Andrew Churg, Philippe Roméo, Jean Chalaoui, Roland Nador, Alissa Wright, Hélène Manganas and Christopher J Ryerson

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:162

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  34. Content type: Research article

    We explored the hypothesized importance of early knowledge of microbiological etiology in patients with pleural infection, including comorbidity and treatment factors in the outcome analyses.

    Authors: Christian Niels Meyer, Karin Armbruster, Michael Kemp, Trine Rolighed Thomsen and Ram Benny Dessau

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:160

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  35. Content type: Research article

    Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are routinely performed in the upright position due to measurement devices and patient comfort. This systematic review investigated the influence of body position on lung functi...

    Authors: Shikma Katz, Nissim Arish, Ariel Rokach, Yacov Zaltzman and Esther-Lee Marcus

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:159

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  36. Content type: Research article

    Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare disease characterized by proliferation and occlusion of small pulmonary arterioles, which has been associated with a high mortality rate. The pathogenesis of PH is complex...

    Authors: Caiyong Yin, Kai Li, Yanfang Yu, Huijie Huang, Youjia Yu, Zhongqun Wang, Jinchuan Yan, Yan Pu, Zheng Li, Ding Li, Peng Chen and Feng Chen

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:158

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  37. Content type: Research article

    In exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, administration of high concentrations of oxygen may cause hypercapnia and increase mortality compared with oxygen titrated, if required, to achieve an...

    Authors: George Bardsley, Janine Pilcher, Steven McKinstry, Philippa Shirtcliffe, James Berry, James Fingleton, Mark Weatherall and Richard Beasley

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:157

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  38. Content type: Research article

    Treatment of tuberculous-destroyed lung (TDL) with pleuropulmonary resection is challenging. Pulmonary hemorrhage is a frequent complication of this surgical procedure. Continuous efforts have been made to inv...

    Authors: Gang Chen, Fang-Ming Zhong, Xu-Dong Xu, Guo-Can Yu and Peng-Fei Zhu

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:156

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  39. Content type: Research article

    In randomized controlled trials, bronchial thermoplasty (BT) has been proven to reduce symptoms in severe asthma, but the mechanisms by which this is achieved are uncertain as most studies have shown no improv...

    Authors: David Langton, Alvin Ing, Kim Bennetts, Wei Wang, Claude Farah, Matthew Peters, Virginia Plummer and Francis Thien

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:155

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  40. Content type: Research article

    Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), delivered as a supervised multidisciplinary program including exercise training, is one of the cornerstones in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management. We per...

    Authors: Camilla Koch Ryrsø, Nina Skavlan Godtfredsen, Linette Marie Kofod, Marie Lavesen, Line Mogensen, Randi Tobberup, Ingeborg Farver-Vestergaard, Henriette Edemann Callesen, Britta Tendal, Peter Lange and Ulrik Winning Iepsen

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:154

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  41. Content type: Research article

    The sweat test (ST) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). However, little is known about sweat induction using different types of currents and waves. In this context, our objective wa...

    Authors: Carla Cristina Souza Gomez, Fernando Augusto Lima Marson, Maria Fátima Servidoni, Antônio Fernando Ribeiro, Maria Ângela Gonçalves Oliveira Ribeiro, Veruska Acioli Lopes Gama, Eduardo Tavares Costa, José Dirceu Ribeiro and Francisco Ubaldo Vieira Junior

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:153

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  42. Content type: Research article

    The aim of this investigation was to study change in adults over a 20 year period in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and disorders and its association to year of birth, life style and sleep related vari...

    Authors: Christer Janson, Ane Johannessen, Karl Franklin, Cecilie Svanes, Linus Schiöler, Andrei Malinovschi, Thorarinn Gislason, Bryndis Benediktsdottir, Vivi Schlünssen, Rain Jõgi, Deborah Jarvis and Eva Lindberg

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:152

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  43. Content type: Research article

    Candidates for preoperative or intraoperative nodal assessment among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) manifesting as a subsolid tumor are not established. The present study was conducted to dem...

    Authors: Jun Yeun Cho, Cho Sun Leem, Youlim Kim, Eun Sun Kim, Sang Hoon Lee, Yeon Joo Lee, Jong Sun Park, Young-Jae Cho, Jae Ho Lee, Choon-Taek Lee and Ho Il Yoon

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:151

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  44. Content type: Research article

    Despite the known occupational hazards, it is not yet clear whether long-term career firefighting leads to a greater rate of decline in lung function than would normally be expected, and how this rate of chang...

    Authors: Flynn Slattery, Kylie Johnston, Catherine Paquet, Hunter Bennett and Alan Crockett

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:149

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  45. Content type: Research article

    Associations between ambient air pollution and child health outcomes have been well documented in developed countries such as the United States; however, only a limited number of studies have been conducted in...

    Authors: Jie Song, Mengxue Lu, Liheng Zheng, Yue Liu, Pengwei Xu, Yuchun Li, Dongqun Xu and Weidong Wu

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:150

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  46. Content type: Research article

    Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure causes an abnormal inflammatory response, which can result in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Previous studies show that this disorder predominantly occurs in periph...

    Authors: Hario Baskoro, Tadashi Sato, Keiko Karasutani, Yohei Suzuki, Aki Mitsui, Naoko Arano, Fariz Nurwidya, Motoyasu Kato, Fumiyuki Takahashi, Yuzo Kodama, Kuniaki Seyama and Kazuhisa Takahashi

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:148

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  47. Content type: Research article

    Mobile health applications are increasingly used in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) to improve their self-management, nonetheless, without firm evidence of their efficacy. This meta-...

    Authors: Fen Yang, Yuncui Wang, Chongming Yang, Hui Hu and Zhenfang Xiong

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:147

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  48. Content type: Research article

    Convenient approaches for accurate biopsy are extremely important to the diagnosis of lung cancer. We aimed to systematically review the clinical updates and development trends of approaches for biopsy, i.e., ...

    Authors: Chuan-Jiang Deng, Fu-Qiang Dai, Kai Qian, Qun-You Tan, Ru-Wen Wang, Bo Deng and Jing-Hai Zhou

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:146

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  49. Content type: Research article

    Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease has conventionally been classified on the basis of radiology into fibrocavitary and nodular-bronchiectatic disease. Whilst being of great clinical utility, ...

    Authors: Steven A. Cowman, Joseph Jacob, Sayed Obaidee, R. Andres Floto, Robert Wilson, Charles S. Haworth and Michael R. Loebinger

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:145

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  50. Content type: Research article

    The fractal dimension characterizing the cumulative size distribution of low attenuation area (LAA) clusters, identified with a fixed threshold such as − 950 Hounsfield Units (HU), on computed tomography (CT) ...

    Authors: Naoya Tanabe, Shigeo Muro, Susumu Sato, Tsuyoshi Oguma, Atsuyasu Sato and Toyohiro Hirai

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018 18:144

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