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  1. Research questions To compare the efficacy of nintedanib and pirfenidone in the treatment of progressive pulmonary fibrosis; and to compare the efficacy of anti-fibrotic therapy (grouping nintedanib and pirfenido...

    Authors: James Patrick Finnerty, Aravind Ponnuswamy, Prosjenjit Dutta, Ammar Abdelaziz and Hafiz Kamil
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:411
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. The nutritional status can potentially affect the efficacy of cancer therapy. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), a simple index for evaluating nutritional status calculated from body weight and serum...

    Authors: Masato Karayama, Yusuke Inoue, Hideki Yasui, Hironao Hozumi, Yuzo Suzuki, Kazuki Furuhashi, Tomoyuki Fujisawa, Noriyuki Enomoto, Yutaro Nakamura, Naoki Inui and Takafumi Suda
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:409
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is the second most common nosocomial infection in intensive care units (ICUs). The present study aims to determine the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria, their biofilm formati...

    Authors: Farzad Mazloomirad, Sajad Hasanzadeh, Asghar Sharifi, Gordafarin Nikbakht, Narges Roustaei and Seyed Sajjad Khoramrooz
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:408
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a type of pulmonary hypertension caused by persistent thromboembolism of the pulmonary arteries. In clinical practice, CTEPH patients often show obstruc...

    Authors: Asako Yanagisawa, Akira Naito, Takayuki Jujo-Sanada, Nobuhiro Tanabe, Keiichi Ishida, Goro Matsumiya, Rika Suda, Hajime Kasai, Ayumi Sekine, Toshihiko Sugiura, Ayako Shigeta, Seiichiro Sakao, Koichiro Tatsumi and Takuji Suzuki
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:407
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Diagnosis of pneumonia is critical in managing patients with febrile neutropenia (FN), however, chest X-ray (CXR) has limited performance in the detection of pneumonia. We aimed to evaluate the performance of ...

    Authors: Eui Jin Hwang, Jong Hyuk Lee, Jae Hyun Kim, Woo Hyeon Lim, Jin Mo Goo and Chang Min Park
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:406
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Patients with influenza pneumonia are at high risk of rapid progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Mean platelet volume (MPV), which reflects platelet size, is considered to be a crucial in...

    Authors: Teeraphat Reangvilaikul, Piyaphat Udompongpaiboon and Veerapong Vattanavanit
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:405
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease with a high clinical burden. The molecular signatures of IPF were analyzed to distinguish molecular subgroups and identify key driver genes and ther...

    Authors: Sung Kyoung Kim, Seung Min Jung, Kyung-Su Park and Ki-Jo Kim
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:404
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. To meet the surging demands for intubation and invasive ventilation as more COVID-19 patients begin their recovery, clinicians are challenged to find an ultra-brief and minimally invasive screen for postextuba...

    Authors: Shu-Fen Siao, Wen-Hsuan Tseng, Tyng-Guey Wang, Yu-Chung Wei, Tzu-Yu Hsiao, Shih-Chi Ku and Cheryl Chia-Hui Chen
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:403
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Eosinophilic pleural effusion (EPE) is a distinct entity among pleural effusions, but its diagnostic and prognostic significance is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and aetiologi...

    Authors: Minfang Li, Yunxiang Zeng, Yaqing Li, Dan Jia, Sheng Chen and Jinlin Wang
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:402
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Association between sleep nocturnal breathing disorders and acute aortic syndrome (AAS) has been described but mid-term data are scarce.

    Authors: Pascal Delsart, Jerome Soquet, Adeline Pierache, Maxime Dedeken, Stephanie Fry, Anne Mallart, François Pontana, Richard Azzaoui, Francis Juthier, Jonathan Sobocinski and Claire Mounier-Vehier
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:401
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide due to the lack of early diagnostic markers and specific drugs. Previous studies have shown the association of LUAD growth with aberra...

    Authors: Gongjun Wang, Weiwei Qi, Liwei Shen, Shasha Wang, Ruoxi Xiao, Wenqian Li, Yuqi Zhang, Xiaoqian Bian, Libin Sun and Wensheng Qiu
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:400
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB), obesity, and malnutrition are growing public health problems in the world. However, little has discussed the impact of different BMI status on the emergence of TB drug resi...

    Authors: Wan-mei Song, Jing Guo, Ting-ting Xu, Shi-jin Li, Jin-yue Liu, Ning-ning Tao, Yao Liu, Qian-yun Zhang, Si-qi Liu, Qi-qi An, Yi-fan Li, Chun-bao Yu, Ji-hua Dong and Huai-chen Li
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:399
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Recent asthma guidelines, such as the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), recommend in adult patients as-needed inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)-formoterol as an alternative to maintenance ICS in mild to moderat...

    Authors: Jefferson Antonio Buendía and Diana Guerrero Patiño
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:397
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by a poor prognosis, with a progressive decline in lung function and considerable variability in the disease’s natural history. Besides lung transplantatio...

    Authors: Gian Marco Manzetti, Karishma Hosein, Matthew J. Cecchini, Keith Kwan, Mohamed Abdelrazek, Maurizio Zompatori, Paola Rogliani and Marco Mura
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:396
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  16. Sarcoidosis is granulomatous disease of unknown origin affecting organ function and quality of life. The King’s Sarcoidosis Questionnaire (KSQ) serves as a tool to assess quality of life in sarcoidosis patient...

    Authors: Björn Christian Frye, Laura Potasso, Erik Farin-Glattacker, Surrinder Birring, Joachim Müller-Quernheim and Jonas Christian Schupp
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:395
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Home mechanical ventilation (HMV) is a viable and effective strategy for patients with chronic respiratory failure (CRF). The Chilean Ministry of Health started a program for adults in 2008.

    Authors: César Maquilón, Mónica Antolini, Nicolás Valdés, Marianela Andrade, Krishnna Canales, Claudio Rabec, Cristian Olave, Miguel Aguayo, Patricia Rivas, Carmen Andrade, Ángela Venegas, Sandra Zapata, María Elena Torres, Osvaldo Cabrera and Jorge Villalobos
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:394
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Some studies previously demonstrated that interleukin-17 (IL-17) involves in pulmonary diseases progression. Nevertheless, the role of IL-17 in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains unknown. This study ai...

    Authors: Chun-Mei Feng, Xin-Ming Wang, Meng-Die Li, Zheng Xu, Dong-Xu Hua, Jia-Yi Cheng, Ling Zheng, Hui Zhao and Lin Fu
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:393
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. The burden of hospitalizations and mortality for hemoptysis due to bronchiectasis is not well characterized. The primary outcome of our study was to evaluate in-hospital mortality in patients admitted with hem...

    Authors: Rachel K. Lim, Alain Tremblay, Shengjie Lu and Ranjani Somayaji
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:392
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality, and cesarean section is an established independent risk factor for PE. The diagnostic utility of D-dimer for PE in non-pregnant...

    Authors: Limin Zhang, Yunqiu Chen, Wenjuan Liu, Xinzhuo Wang, Shuang Zhang, Wenyan Zhang, Shuai Zhao, Miaomiao Zhang, Su Zhang and Guangyu Jiao
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:391
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. As lung transplantation (LTX) is a valuable treatment procedure for end-stage pulmonary disease, delayed referral to a transplant center should be avoided. We aimed to conduct a single-center analysis of the s...

    Authors: Takashi Hirama, Miki Akiba, Tatsuaki Watanabe, Yui Watanabe, Hirotsugu Notsuda, Hisashi Oishi, Hiromichi Niikawa and Yoshinori Okada
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:390
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. There is little evidence about the factors that predict persistence/adherence in treatment-naïve patients with COPD in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate persistence and adherence levels ...

    Authors: Elsa López-Pintor, Justo Grau and Blanca Lumbreras
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:388
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2022 22:82

  24. Given the increased incidence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), noninvasive screening methods are urgently needed to screen for OSA risk in these pa...

    Authors: Yang-Bor Lu, Yu-Chieh Weng, Yung-Ning Huang, Hsiung-Ying Huang, Pei-Ting Cheng, Hui-Shan Hsieh and Ming-Shao Tsai
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:387
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. There is a lack of studies comparing PCT, CRP and WBC levels in the differential diagnosis of acute bacterial, viral, and mycoplasmal respiratory tract infections. It is necessary to explore the correlation be...

    Authors: Yang Li, Lanfang Min and Xin Zhang
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:386
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Allergic asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease with a number of cytokines participating in its pathogenesis and progress. Interleukin (IL)-22, which is derived from lymphocytes, acts on epithelial ce...

    Authors: Jingru Wang, Shengnan Gao, Jingyuan Zhang, Chunxiao Li, Hongwen Li and Jiangtao Lin
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:385
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a central mechanism in the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and remodeling of type VI collagen has been suggested to be associated with diseas...

    Authors: Henrik Jessen, Nils Hoyer, Thomas S. Prior, Peder Frederiksen, Sarah R. Rønnow, Morten A. Karsdal, Diana J. Leeming, Elisabeth Bendstrup, Jannie M. B. Sand and Saher B. Shaker
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:382
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

    Authors: Jing Ning, Shenyi Jiang, Xiaoxi Li, Yang Wang, Xuhong Deng, Zhiqiang Zhang, Lijie He, Daqing Wang and Youhong Jiang
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:381
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:199

  31. Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common cause of atypical community acquired pneumonia (CAP). The diagnostic approach of chlamydial infections remains a challenge. Diagnosis of delayed chlamydial-associated complication...

    Authors: Konstantinos G. Kyriakoulis, Anastasios Kollias, George E. Diakos, Ioannis P. Trontzas, Eleni Fyta, Nikolaos K. Syrigos and Garyphallia Poulakou
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:380
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  32. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in premature infants, characterized by alveolar dysplasia and pulmonary microvascular remodeling. In the present study, we have inve...

    Authors: Yue Zhu, Huimin Ju, Hongyan Lu, Wei Tang, Junying Lu and Qiuxia Wang
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:379
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is one cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and can also emerge along with PH. The clinical diagnosis and treatment of OSA in patients with PH are still controversial. The purpos...

    Authors: Lu Yan, Zhihui Zhao, Qing Zhao, Qi Jin, Yi Zhang, Xin Li, Anqi Duan, Qin Luo and Zhihong Liu
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:378
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Preventing pulmonary vascular remodeling is a key strategy for pulmonary hypertension (PH). Causes of PH include pulmonary vasoconstriction and inflammation. This study aimed to determine whether cilostazol (C...

    Authors: Toshikazu Ito, Erquan Zhang, Ayaka Omori, Jane Kabwe, Masako Kawai, Junko Maruyama, Amphone Okada, Ayumu Yokochi, Hirofumi Sawada, Yoshihide Mitani and Kazuo Maruyama
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:377
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Cigarettes smoking and IL-17A contribute to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and have synergistical effect on bronchial epithelial cell proliferation. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C-EBPβ) cou...

    Authors: Shuyuan Chu, Libing Ma, Yashan Wu, Xiaoli Zhao, Bo Xiao and Qilu Pan
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:376
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Tuberculosis, as a communicable disease, is an ongoing global epidemic that accounts for high burden of global mortality and morbidity. Globally, with an estimated 10 million new cases and around 1.4 million d...

    Authors: Deepak Dhamnetiya, Priyanka Patel, Ravi Prakash Jha, Neha Shri, Mayank Singh and Krittika Bhattacharyya
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:375
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are the second most frequent diagnosis after Malaria amongst Outpatients in Uganda. Majority are Non pneumonia cough and flu which are self-limiting and often do not require ...

    Authors: Timothy Eria Muwanguzi, Tadele Mekuriya Yadesa and Amon Ganafa Agaba
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:374
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Nivolumab is used for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occur in patients treated with nivolumab. Several studies have reported the correlati...

    Authors: Hiroto Yoneda, Hiroshi Nokihara, Atsushi Mitsuhashi, Ryohiko Ozaki, Yohei Yabuki, Hirokazu Ogino, Kenji Otsuka and Yasuhiko Nishioka
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:373
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Today, over 300 million people reside with asthma worldwide and India alone is home for 6% of children and 2% of adults suffering from this chronic disease. A common notion of disparity persists in terms of he...

    Authors: Rashmi Rashmi, Pradeep Kumar, Shobhit Srivastava and T. Muhammad
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:372
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a kind of chronic lung diseases with the characteristics of airway remodeling and airflow obstruction. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) is an anti-inflammator...

    Authors: Ye Yang, Lei Huang, Chongchong Tian and Bingjun Qian
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:371
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Many patients with polymyositis (PM) or dermatomyositis (DM) have circulating myositis-specific antibodies (MSAs). Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common manifestation of PM/DM, and it can even precede th...

    Authors: Abhinav K. Misra, Nathan L. Wong, Terrance T. Healey, Edward V. Lally and Barry S. Shea
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:370
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Research into the effects of asthma treatments on the extra-pulmonary symptoms of severe asthma is limited by the absence of a suitable questionnaire. The aim was to create a questionnaire suitable for interve...

    Authors: Giulio de Felice, Michael E. Hyland, Joseph W. Lanario, Yuri Antonacci, Rupert C. Jones and Matthew Masoli
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:369
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces, especially solitary multicystic lesion lung cancer, is a rare disease (a rare imaging performance of non-small cell lung cancer). It is difficult to diagnose owing...

    Authors: Xi Tang, Gang Liu, Xianglan Tan, Chengjun Liu, Jin Xiang and Yu Jiang
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:368
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  44. Hypoxemia frequently occurs during bronchoscopy. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy may be a feasible alternative to prevent the deterioration of gas exchange during bronchoscopy. With the convenien...

    Authors: Rui Wang, Hai-Chao Li, Xu-Yan Li, Xiao Tang, Hui-Wen Chu, Xue Yuan, Zhao-Hui Tong and Bing Sun
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:367
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension (SAPH) is a prevalent and serious complication of sarcoidosis. No SAPH-specific self-report instruments for assessing SAPH symptoms and their impact on patients ar...

    Authors: Brooke M. Currie, Evan W. Davies, Amélie Beaudet, Larissa Stassek, Leah Kleinman and Robert P. Baughman
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:365
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. The inflammatory phenotypes of asthma predict the treatment response and prognosis. The phenotype distributions differ depending on the geographical region. This study aimed to assess the distribution of diffe...

    Authors: Bingqing Shi, Wei Li, Hongna Dong, Mengting Xu, Yuqiu Hao and Peng Gao
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:364
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Adenovirus pneumonia is prone to severe clinical and imaging manifestations in children. Bronchoscopic alveolar lavage (BAL) is an important adjunctive therapy for patients with severe imaging findings. The st...

    Authors: Xue-hua Xu, Hui-feng Fan, Ting-Ting Shi, Di-Yuan Yang, Li Huang, Wen-hui Jiang and Gen Lu
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:363
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. LncRNA GAS5 and miR-155 are reported to play opposite roles in lung inflammatory responses. Lung inflammation participates in childhood pneumonia, indicating the involvement of GAS5 and miR-155 in pneumonia. T...

    Authors: Xiaoping Wang, Ping Guo, Jiahui Tian, Jie Li, Na Yan, Xin Zhao and Yue Ma
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:362
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is the barrier for global TB elimination efforts with a lower treatment success rate. Loss to follow-up (LTFU) in DR-TB is a serious problem, causes mortality and morbidity ...

    Authors: Soedarsono Soedarsono, Ni Made Mertaniasih, Tutik Kusmiati, Ariani Permatasari, Ni Njoman Juliasih, Cholichul Hadi and Ilham Nur Alfian
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:360
    Content type: Research Published on:
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine

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